Summary of the D_R&D projects in 2006

1. Summary of the D_R&D projects in 2006 Junji Haba KEK

2. Projects D_R&D_1: A common R&D on the new generation detector for the ILC D_R&D_2: R&D and Application of TPC technology D_R&D_3: R&D for new photon detector D_R&D_4: R&D on the new generation of large area Si tracking system D_R&D_6: R&D on liquid xenon detector technology

3. Collaboration matrix

4. TPC

5. ILC – International Linear Collider 3 designs out of 4 chose a TPC as a main tracker The R&D is carried out worldwide by the LC-TPC collaboration P. Colas

6. S1 S2 Micromegas and GEM Micromegas : a micromesh supported by 50-100 mm - high insulating pillars. Multiplication takes place between the anode and the mesh. One stage GEM: Two copper perforated foils separated by an insulator (50 mm) Multiplication takes place in the holes. Usually used in 2 or 3 stages, even 4 200 mm P. Colas

7. France-Japan meeting(s) in Paris in September 2006, followed by a 3-day endplate meeting with a large Japanese attendance (K. Fujii, Y. Kato, H. Kuroiwa, T. Matsuda, A. Sugiyama) http://www-dapnia.cea.fr/Spp/Meetings/EndPlate/ For the first time, a french attendance at the japanese MPGD meeting in Saga, in January 2007 (D. Attié, P. Colas) Participation of K. Fujii in a TPC analysis “Jamboree” in Aix-la-Chapelle, March 2007 P. Colas

8. The CF4 “saga” • We tried to take data with Ar CF4 • The detector was very unstable, very different from what we had in Saclay, with afterpulses. • We suspected Japanese CF4 to be different from European CF4 • After a complicated exchange of bottles and careful gas analyses, the two gases were shown to be the same • The difference was traced to the presence of impurities in the gas system in Saclay, quenching UVs • An admixture of 2% isobutane was found to be enough to stop the UVs and stabilise the operation. • This gas Ar CF4 isobutane (fast, low diffusion) is likely to be used by T2K and is favored for the ILC. It is being tested in KEK. P. Colas

9. Extrapolation to ILC-TPC Conclusion: even with 1mm pitch, Micromegas with standard pads would not quite fulfill the requirement of better than 130 micron point resolution. However with a resisitive foil and 2.3 mm pads, this goal is largerly attained (red curve). P. Colas

10. The T2K 280m TPC First large TPC with micropattern readout Active target • Instrument 6 read-out planes (0.7x2.5 m**2) • Total drift distance 1 m • B=0.2 T E=200V/cm • Pad size: 0.7x0.9 cm Magnet + Side-MRD EM calorimeter TPC TPC TPC P0D Pb-P0D FGD+H2O FGD Muon ID hodoscope EM calorimeter EM calorimeter Magnet + Side-MRD Requirements : σ(p)/p < 10 % @ 1 GeV/c dE/dx capability(10%) separate e from μ Momentum scale: 2 % Marco Zito

11. Bulk Micromegas Marco Zito

12. Micromegas Modules 36cm First large Micromegas module produced at CERN Marco Zito

13. Photon sensor Marco Zito

14. TRE Hyper-Kamiokande Mton Water Cherenkov Detectors under Consideration MEMPHYS

15. Large area photodetection requirements • Single photoelectron sensitivity • Excellent time resolution ~100 ps • High granularity • Scalability • Low cost • Profit from progress in micro-electronics and DAQ ! • Many issues in common with HPD or large PMs developments by KEK

16. Photocathode Scint PMT R&D -two direction- Hybrid Photon Detector HybridPMT PMT Low noise Preamp ASIC on HPD + Q-T/waveform recoder ASIC Multichannel FE ASIC, close to the PMTs M. Tanaka

17. Calorimeter in the GLD concept(GLD-ECAL is also known as SCECAL in CALICE) • Sampling calorimeter with Pb/W - scintillator sandwich structure with WLSF readout • Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA) needs particle separation in the calorimeter • Fine granularity with strip/tile scintillator • Huge number of readout channels • ~10M (ECAL) + 4M (HCAL) ! • 10K for muon detector • Used inside 3 Tesla solenoid use MPPC as photon sensor (multi-pixel avalanche photodiode developed by HPK) Problem: How to read out such huge number of MPPCs ? K. Kawagoe

18. Gas-Avalanche Charge induction R&D on UV detector G(Gaseous)PM : 1 inch PMT : Collaboration founded by French Ministry for Foreign Affairs Developed by T.Doke et al. for liquid xenon TOF-PET 27mm R5900-06AL12S-ASSY In test inside the prototype from June 2007 HPD : Under discussion with PHOTONIS-DEP Amos Breskin et al., NIM A530(2004)258 → Choice before end of 2008 D. Thers

19. Completed Low-BG Oil-Proof PMT design F. Suekane

20. Silicon tracker Actual “collboration” just started.

21. Role of Silicon trackingor Silicon tracking what for? GLD LDC 3 detector concepts & main difference: The tracking strategy=TPC Yes or No SiD

22. A. Savoy-Navaro But material budget is not the ONLY reason

23. SilC work program for sensor R&D • Step 1 (2007) • Wafer thinning (100, 200, 300µm) • Use long strips (50 µm pitch) • Test new readout chips (DC coupling, power cycling) • Improve standardized test structures and test setups • Step 2a (2008-) • Move from pitch adapter to in-sensor-routing • Test crosstalk, capacitive load of those sensors • Step 2b (2008-) • Test 6” double sided sensors • Step 2c (2008-) • 8” (12”) single sided DC wafer A. Savoy-Navaro

24. A. Savoy-Navaro

25. Minimize material budget • Multiple scattering is crucial point for high-precision LC experiment • Minimize multiple scattering by reduction of material budget • avoid old-fashioned way (pitch adapter, FE hybrid, readout chip) • Integrate pitch adapter into sensor • Connectivity of strips to readout chip made by an additional oxide layer plus metal layer for signal routing • Readout chip bump-bonded to sensor like for pixels

26. Synergies with (S)LHC From F. Hartmann’s Talk in “CMS Sensor upgrade Workshop” (Feb, CERN) revised & completed (ASN) YES YES YES YES/NO YES YES YES

27. Liq. Xe detector

28. L 3 emitter  E0  1 2 … 3 imaging With a Compton telescope and a 3 emitter … Reconstructed cone: axis , opening angle  - positron range • LOR2D - Compton Telescope DL related to Which emitter ? Which Compton telescope ? Compton Telescope For which performances ?

29. Prototype for the proof of concept and for the R&D Internal cryostat Cryocooler Teflon Cathode PMT Liquid xenon External cryostat Micromeshes and Anode Entrance window Cryogenic and xenon distribution will be presented by Tom

30. Liquid Xenon Compton Telescope Principle 1 individual cell detection of scintillation light => trigger time t0 Cathode PMT collection of e/i => t1, E, x, y LXe UV 12 cm 2 TPC : z = (t0-t1) x vdrift 1 Z e- Y X 3 x 3 cm2 Micromegas (micromesh + anode) 44Sc g-ray R&D for the TPC read-out …

31. R&D on ionization detector MICROMEGAS Y. Giomataris et al. NIMA376 (1996) Expected Induced current on anode without amplification cathode Conversion t0 E2 (AU) t0 g 511 keV 12 cm E1 Micromesh t1 t2 Ampli E1 E2 Spacer 50 mm anode t0 t1 t2 Induced current shape mostly independent of altitude → First tests in liquid xenon from June with unsegmented anode to check the liquid xenon purity Associated electronic and anode segmentation : Adaptation of the IDEFIX chip, a low noise charge preamplifier for CdTe device 200 e- noise on (¼ inch)2 pixel ? → Compton tracking in 2008

32. ASIC and electronics • Design rule finer and finer • Development cost higher and higher • Necessary expertise more and more • Collaborative action more and more effective and important

33. Readout electronics of MPPC • French group in CALICE is very powerful in this field (C. de la Taille et al.) • Readout of SiW ECAL • Readout of AHCAL (SiPM) • Readout of DHCAL (GEM, RPC) • Electronics developed for the SiPM readout of CALICE AHCAL can easily be used for the MPPC readout. • cf. Electronics for the MPPC readout under development also in Japan (KEK: M.Tanaka et al.), but not yet ready. SiPM readout of AHCAL scintillator tile

34. SCA: 76x511 Cells Front-end ASIC “AFTER” Technology: AMS CMOS 0.35mm Area: 7546mm x 7139 mm Submission: 24 April 2006 Delivery: end of July Package: LQFP 160 pins; Plastic dimensions: 30mm x 30mm thickness: 1.4mm pitch: 0.65mm Number of transistors: 400,000 M. Zito

35. Hold signal Multiplexed Analog charge output Variable Slow Shaper 20-100 ns S&H S&H 64 Wilkinson 12 bit ADC Photons Multiplexed Digital charge output Variabl Gain Preamp. 64 inputs Bipolar Fast Shaper Photomultiplier 64 channels 64 trigger outputs (to FPGA) 80 MHz encoder Unipolar Fast Shaper Gain correction 64*6bits 3 DACs 12 bits 3 discri thresholds (3*12 bits) LUCID MAROC : 64 ch MAPMT chip for ATLAS lumi • Similar to OPERA ROC • Low input impedance (50-100 Ω) • 6 bits gain adjustment (G=0-4) per channel • 64 discriminator outputs • 100% sensitivity to 1/3 photoelectron (50fC). Counting rate up to 2 MHz • Common threshold loaded by internal 10bit DAC (step 3mV) • 1 multiplexed charge output with variable shaping 20-200ns and Track & Hold. • Dynamic range : 11 bits (2fC - 5 pC) • Crosstalk < 1% Christophe de LA TAILLE

36. 64 channels • Preamps • Fast shaper 15ns • Discriminators • Slow shaper • Track&Hold • 12bit ADC • 10bit DAC • Bangap reference • Digital formatting • Silicon Germanium • 0.35µm BiCMOS • 16mm2 area Christophe de LA TAILLE

37. CONCLUSION • MAROC2 fullfills most of the requirements of 2 km WC • Chip mature, used in ATLAS luminometry • To be done: • Time dizitization (100 psTDC) • Data out “on power wire” • Test on a prototype (16 PMs, 8’’) with MAROC2 foreseen shortly at IPNO • Joint activities with KEK : • Tests at KEK by Tanaka-san • Common ASIC development : TDC, ADC, DAQ, • Specific preamp for HPD • Characterization of common parts Christophe de LA TAILLE

38. LPNHE-PARIS SILICON 180nm 130nm Picture A. Savoy-Navaro

39. Channel n+1 Sparsifier Can be used for a “trigger” S aiVi > th Time tag Wilkinson ADC Channel n-1 reset reset Analog samplers, (slow) Ch # Preamp + Shapers Waveforms Counter UMC CMOS 130nm Clock 3-96 MHz LPNHE-PARIS FRONT-END IN 130nm TARGETED Amplifier/Shaper : 20 mV/MIP Sparsifier: threshold on analog sum Sampler : 16-deep ADC : 10-bit Noise measured with 180nm CMOS : 375 + 10.5 e-/pF@3 ms shaping, 120mA (preamp + shaper) A. Savoy-Navaro

40. Collaboration matrix

41. Yes, we know they are excellent, but…. • Silicon tracker (thinned, double metal..) • Silicon pad • APD • MPPC (SiPM) • PMT, MAPMT • MCP-PMT • HPD We should be a clever and demanding customer in any sense under the collaboartaion.

42. To summarize • Good start of collaborations in many fields of detector R&D of FJPPL. • Several outcomes have already been achieved. • Horizontal collaboration among the projects might be more important in any field.