Infectious Diseases: Bloodborne Pathogens Presented by: APS Healthcare Southwestern PA Health Care Quality Unit (HCQU)

1. Infectious Diseases: Bloodborne PathogensPresented by: APS HealthcareSouthwestern PA Health Care Quality Unit(HCQU) April, 2009/alt

2. Disclaimer Information or education provided by the HCQU is not intended to replace medical advice from the consumer’s personal care physician, existing facility policy or federal, state and local regulations/codes within the agency jurisdiction. The information provided is not all inclusive of the topic presented. Certificates for training hours will only be awarded to those who attend a training in its entirety. Attendees are responsible for submitting paperwork to their respective agencies.

3. Note of Clarification While mental retardation (MR) is still recognized as a clinical diagnosis, in an effort to support the work of self-advocates, the APS SW PA HCQU will be using the terms intellectual and/or developmental disability (I/DD) to replace mental retardation (MR) when feasible.

4. Objectives • Define bloodborne pathogens • Explain how to manage an exposure to bloodborne pathogens • Apply principles of protection against bloodborne pathogens in the workplace

5. Bloodborne Pathogens • Microorganisms found in human blood which have the potential to infect others • Transmitted through contact with infected blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM)

6. OPIM • Saliva • Semen • Vaginal secretions • Cerebrospinal fluid • Synovial fluid • Pleural fluid • Pericardial fluid • Amniotic fluid • Any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood

7. Bloodborne Pathogens Standard • Developed by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 1991 • Revised in 2001 • Protects workers by limiting exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials

8. Bloodborne Pathogens • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Hepatitis B (HBV) • Hepatitis C (HCV) • Non A, Non B Hepatitis • Syphilis • Malaria • Babesiosis • Brucellosis • Leptospirosis • Arboviral infections • Relapsing fever • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease • Human T-lymphotrophic Virus Type 1 • Viral hemorrhagic fever

9. HIV • The virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • Transmitted through sexual contact, blood, and from mother to child during pregnancy • HIV infection is not the same as having AIDS

10. HBV • The virus that causes Hepatitis B infection • Transmitted through sexual contact, blood, and from mother to child during pregnancy

11. HCV • Virus that causes Hepatitis C infection • Transmitted through contact with an infected person’s blood

12. Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens in the Workplace • Contact with infected blood or body fluids through open skin • Contact between infected blood or body fluids and mucous membranes • A needle stick or cut or puncture from any other sharp item contaminated with the bloodborne pathogen

13. Standard Precautions • All individuals are considered to be infectious • Employs personal protective equipment and engineering and work practice controls as methods of reducing exposure to bloodborne pathogens

14. Managing an Exposure • Immediately cleanse the area • Report the exposure according to agency policy

15. Cleaning Contaminated Surfaces • Wear personal protective equipment during the cleaning • Use a solution of one part bleach to 10 parts water • Wait 10 minutes after applying cleaning solution, then wipe the surface off

16. Cleaning Contaminated Surfaces • Follow agency policy or clean hard surfaces at least daily • Pay attention to counters, doorknobs, drawer handles, and bathrooms • Urinals and bedpans may be cleaned with a bleach solution and they should be replaced monthly

17. Handling Contaminated Laundry • Handle as little as possible • Wash as soon as possible • Use bleach and hot water if the fabric will tolerate it • Avoid washing with non-contaminated laundry

18. Living with Someone Infected with a Bloodborne Pathogen • Avoid sharing toothbrushes, razors, tweezers, nail or cuticle scissors, pierced earrings or other pierced jewelry • Eat from the same dishes and utensils as everyone else in the home • Follow general food preparation guidelines

19. Special Considerations for HIV Infection • Wash hands frequently • Wear a mask if you have a cold • Do not allow the person to clean up or come in contact with animal waste • All household members and staff should maintain current immunizations, TB testing, and receive an annual flu shot

20. References • University System of Georgia, Board of Regents. Introduction to Bloodborne Pathogens. (2009).Retrieved on March 30, 2009 from http://www.usg.edu/ehs/training/pathogens/index.phtml • USAID. HIV/AIDS: Frequently Asked Questions. (2009, January 12).Retrieved on 3/30/09 fromhttp://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/aids/News/aidsfaq.html3/30/09 • Centers for Disease Control. Preventing HIV and HBV Transmission. (1998)Retrieved on 4/1/09 from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/89-108-b.pdf4/1/09CDC

21. References • Centers for Disease Control. Caring for Somneone with AIDS at Home. (2007, June 21). Retrieved on 4/14/09 from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/brochures/careathome/index.htm • Centers for Disease Control. Living with Chronic Hepatitis B. (2006, July). Retrieved on 4/14/09 from http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/Resources/OrderPubs/Patient/LivingWithChronicHepB_Eng.pdf