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Vir ī Rōmānī tria nōmina habent.

Vir ī Rōmānī tria nōmina habent. Gaius Iulius Caesar. Gaius is praenomen. Not many praenomina in use. Often indicated by an abbreviation – Aulus M. – Marcus App. – Appius P. – Publius C. – Gaius Q. – Quintus Cn. – Gnaeus Ser. – Servius D. – Decimus T. – Titus

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Vir ī Rōmānī tria nōmina habent.

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  1. Virī Rōmānī tria nōmina habent. Gaius Iulius Caesar

  2. Gaius is praenomen Not many praenomina in use • Often indicated by an abbreviation • – Aulus M. – Marcus • App. – Appius P. – Publius • C. – Gaius Q. – Quintus • Cn. – Gnaeus Ser. – Servius • D. – Decimus T. – Titus • L. – Lucius Ti. - Tiberius

  3. praenomen used within family or between close friends “Gaie, ambulēmus,” dīxit Marcus. “Fiat, Marce,” dīxit Gaius.

  4. Iulius is nōmen Originally name of clan Familiar names in ancient Rome Aemilius Iunius Claudius Pompeius Cornelius Antonius Domitius Valerius Iulius Tullius

  5. If person had no cognōmen, then would be called by nōmen. Mihi nōmen est Gnaeus Pompeius. Quaeso, vocāte mē Pompeius.

  6. Caesar is cognōmen This is like immediate family name Often nickname, then handed down as family name

  7. Various explanations given in antiquity for “Caesar”e.g. from word for “hairy”or from word for “cut” – original ancestor born by Caesarian section

  8. cognōmen most commonly used among friends Mihi nōmen est Cicero. Quid est nōmen tibi?

  9. Plutarch tells us that cognōmen, Cicero, meant chickpea. Distant ancestor had cleft in tip of nose resembling a chickpea

  10. Women’s names simpler systemfeminine form of name of nomen, clanthus Iulia, Claudia, Aemilia, Cornelia, Domitia, Pompeia, Antoniadistinguished from other Iulias by father’s cognomen, once married by husband’s cognomen

  11. Thus Tullia Ciceronis, daughter of Marcus Tullius Cicero, became Tullia Dolabellae, wife of Publius Cornelius Dolabella

  12. If more than one daughter, then Iulia maior or Iulia minor or prīma, secunda, tertia, quarta, quinta, etc.

  13. Slaves had single name • Freedmen took praenomen and nomen of master • slave name kept as cognomen • Freedwomen took feminine form of master’s nomen, plus slave name

  14. Marcus Tullius Cicero’s slave Tiro when freedbecame Marcus Tullius Tiro It was Tiro who collected and published Cicero’s works after his death

  15. If Dāvus becomes freed by Gaius Cornēlius, what will he be called?

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