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Venomous Arthropods

Venomous Arthropods. And Their Associated Problems. Envenomization. Can be divided up into 2 categories: (1) Passive Envenomization (2) Active Envenomization. Envenomization - Action of Venom. Neurotoxin (black widow spider) Cytolytic, hemolytic (brown recluse spider)

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Venomous Arthropods

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  1. Venomous Arthropods And Their Associated Problems

  2. Envenomization • Can be divided up into 2 categories: • (1) Passive Envenomization • (2) Active Envenomization

  3. Envenomization - Action of Venom • Neurotoxin (black widow spider) • Cytolytic, hemolytic (brown recluse spider) • Hemorrhagic (moth larvae) • Vesicating/blistering (blister beetles)

  4. Stingers • (1) Honey Bee • (2) Bald Faced Hornet • (3) Paper Wasps • (4) Yellow Jacket • (5) Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) • (6) Scorpions

  5. Venomous Hymenoptera

  6. Red Imported Fire Ant

  7. Fire Ant Mounds

  8. Red Imported Fire Ants The pathognomic pustules following a fire ant envenomation.

  9. Velvet Ants “Cow Killers”

  10. Scorpions • Scorpions are easily distinguished from other arachnids by their large, well developed claws and distinct division of the abdomen into a broad preabdomen and narrow, tail-like postabdomen. • All scorpions are venomous, but only about 25 species worldwide possess venom of sufficient toxicity to kill humans • The venoms with severe toxicity are usually neurotoxins.

  11. Bites • (1) Spiders • Black Widow • Brown Recluse • Hobo Spider • (2) Centepedes

  12. SPIDERS Fiddle Hourglass Tarantula Brown Recluse Black Widow Hobo

  13. Latrodectus mactans(Black Widow)

  14. Loxosceles reclusa(Brown Recluse)

  15. Progression of Bite (3-10 days)

  16. Tegenaria agrestis(Hobo Spider or Aggressive House Spider)

  17. Hobo Spider Bites

  18. Distribution of venomous spiders causing necrotic ulceration - United States and Canada.

  19. Lycosa tarantula (Wolf Spider) • Occur in Europe and not the U.S. • Not a Tarantual! • 1370 recorded biting humans. • Tarantism • Dance called the tarantella

  20. Tarantulas • 840 described species • Fangs larger than those of most venomous snakes. • Old world species more venomous than new world species. • Neurotoxic • Most species are harmless!

  21. Centepedes • Class: Chilopoda • 20 families and over 2500 species. • 1-pair of legs per body segment. • Most small, a few are 10 inches or longer. • 1st pair of legs are modified fangs.

  22. Scolopendra gigantea

  23. Other Methods • (1) Millipede • (2) Blister Beetles • (3) Bombardier Beetles • (4) Caterpillars (Moths)

  24. Millipedes - Class Diplopoda • Millipedes (2 legs/body segment) do not have biting mouthparts or fangs. Their medical importance comes from their ability to secrete an irritating defensive liquid from pores along their sides. • Such secretions contain benzoquinones, aldehydes, hydrocyanic acid, and other substances.

  25. Blister Beetles • Family: Meliodae • Cantharidin • Livestock come in contact with blister beetles. • Spanish Fly

  26. Bombardier Beetles • Family: Carabidae • ½ inch long. • Chemical defense • 70 rapid shots • 100C (212F) • Southern California

  27. Bombardier Beetles

  28. Venomous Insects - Lepidoptera • Problems Caused by Adult Moths • Dermatitis • Respiratory Distress (Asthma) • Lachrymal and blood-feeding • Problems Caused by Larval Moths • Dermatitis • Stinging envenomization - allergy • Hemorrhagic manifestations

  29. Larval Moths Known to Cause Problems to Humans • Urticating or "stinging" spines and setae. • Average sensitivity • stinging sensations • Extreme sensitivity • Severe pain and allergic reactions. • Cases are known of hospitalization • Skin bleeding (poison spines containing an anticoagulant)

  30. Lonomia electra [Costa Rican species]

  31. Puss Caterpillars • Megalopyge opercularis • Florida Species • long, silken, brownish hairs. • short, poisonous spines. • burning sensation, as painful as a bee sting.

  32. Puss caterpillars.The caterpillar at the left is fully grown; the one at right is still developing, note the recently shed (and still urticaceous) skin beside the larva.

  33. Saddleback Caterpillar Sibine stimulea

  34. The io moth Automeris io [Costa Rica]

  35. Clues for Diagnosing Arthropod Envenomizations

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