Data

1. Data Data Processing Processing Information Information The basic information system model Data Storage The basic model with data storage Figure:-6.1:- Basic information Systems Model

2. Data communications Operating Systems Hardware Data base system Utility Software Application subsystems Application subsystem makes use of functional subsystems Order entry and billing Payroll and personal Marketing management Inventory accounting and management Etc. Figure:6.2:- Basic Information Systems Model

3. Files Files Transaction processing Operational control reports Transactions Transaction output Transaction processing (b) Control reports (a) Transaction Files Operational report processing Inquiry response Inquiry (c) Inquiry Processing Figure:6.3:- Processing to support operational control.

4. Data base Transaction based files Budgets, standards, plans. etc Other Processing Programs Planning/budget models Variance reporting Problem analysis model Requests inquiries problems Etc Plans and budgets Scheduled reports, Special reports Analyses decision for review inquiry responses Decision models Inquiry Processing Figure:6.4:- Management Control database and processing support

5. Business Units Functional departments Competitors Others Customer Suppliers Data collection Classify Sort disseminate Duplicate Retrieve store process Decision maker-1 Decision maket-2 Decision maker-n ACTION Goals and mission Figure:-6.1:data are collected from different sources and processed using a series of steps

6. CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information Systems are classified in four types of information systems: TRANSACTION PROCESSING(TP) MANAGEMENT INFORMAION SYSTEM(MIS) Intelligent support systems (ISS), which consist of decisionsupport systems (DSS) , executive information systems (EIS) , and expert systems (ES). Office automation systems (OAS)

7. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS(DSS) Internal Data Alternative solutions to problems “ What-if” analysis Goal seeking Decision-making Models External Data Decision support systems (DSS) are interactive, well-integrated systems that provide managers with data , tools , and models to facilitate semi structured decisions or tactical decisions. How a DSS works A DSS accesses and processes large volumes of internal and external data and integrates them with various decision-making models . Internal data are often downloading from the TPS or from other information systems.

8. Word processing Desktop publishing Knowledge Workers Clerical workers Electronic mail Voice mail Office automation systems Video conferencing Image Fax E. m. systems Multimedia Figure:6.5:-An Office automation system (OAS) is designed to increase productivity and enhance communications in the workplace.

9. IPO Component Data Storage Information System IPO Component Business system (environment) Methods and procedures Data (Input) Computer software (Process) Internal control component Figure:6.6:- The Input process-Output Components of the Information

10. Lesson Map

11. People Perspectives for Systems Development

12. Traditional IS Services Organization

13. Contemporary IS Services Organization

14. Chapter Map

15. A Federation of Information Systems

16. Information Systems Applications