Boundless Lecture Slides

1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

4. Phylum Porifera Invertebrates Phylum Cnidaria Superphylum Lophotrochozoa Superphylum Ecdysozoa ] Superphylum Deuterostomia Invertebrates Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

5. Invertebrates > Phylum Porifera Phylum Porifera • Phylum Porifera • Morphology of Sponges • Physiological Processes in Sponges Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/invertebrates-28/phylum-porifera-166/

6. Invertebrates > Phylum Cnidaria Phylum Cnidaria • Phylum Cnidaria • Class Anthozoa • Class Scyphozoa • Class Cubozoa and Class Hydrozoa Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/invertebrates-28/phylum-cnidaria-167/

7. Invertebrates > Superphylum Lophotrochozoa Superphylum Lophotrochozoa • Superphylum Lophotrochozoa • Phylum Platyhelminthes • Phylum Rotifera • Phylum Nemertea • Phylum Mollusca • Classification of Phylum Mollusca • Phylum Annelida Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/invertebrates-28/superphylum-lophotrochozoa-168/

8. Invertebrates > Superphylum Ecdysozoa Superphylum Ecdysozoa • Superphylum Ecdysozoa • Phylum Nematoda • Phylum Arthropoda • Subphyla of Arthropoda Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/invertebrates-28/superphylum-ecdysozoa-169/

9. Invertebrates > Superphylum Deuterostomia Superphylum Deuterostomia • Phylum Echinodermata • Classes of Echinoderms • Phylum Chordata Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/invertebrates-28/superphylum-deuterostomia-170/

10. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

11. Invertebrates Key terms • acoelomateany animal without a coelom, or body cavity • ambulacruma row of pores for the protrusion of appendages such as tube feet. • ampullathe dilated end of a duct • blastoporethe opening into the archenteron • captaculathe foot of a Scaphalopod, modified into tentacles for capturing prey • cephalizationan evolutionary trend in which the neural and sense organs become centralized at one end (the head) of an animal • cephalothoraxthe fused head and thorax of spiders and crustaceans • chaetaa chitinous bristle of an annelid worm • choanocyteany of the cells in sponges that contain a flagellum and are used to control the movement of water • clitelluma glandular swelling in the epidermis of some annelid worms; it secretes a viscous fluid in which the eggs are deposited • cnidocytea capsule, in certain cnidarians, containing a barbed, threadlike tube that delivers a paralyzing sting • cnidocytea capsule, in certain cnidarians, containing a barbed, threadlike tube that delivers a paralyzing sting Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

12. Invertebrates • coelomateany animal possessing a fluid-filled cavity within which the digestive system is suspended. • ctenidiuma respiratory system, in the form of a comb, in some molluscs • cuticlea noncellular protective covering outside the epidermis of many invertebrates and plants • dioecioushaving the male and female reproductive organs on separate parts (of the same species) • diploblastichaving two embryonic germ layers (the ectoderm and the endoderm) • dorsal nerve corda hollow cord dorsal to the notochord, formed from a part of the ectoderm that rolls, forming a hollow tube. • ecdysisthe shedding of an outer layer of skin in snakes, crustaceans and insects; moulting • ectoparasitea parasite that lives on the surface of a host organism • endosymbiontan organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism • exoskeletona hard outer structure that provides both structure and protection to creatures such as insects, Crustacea, and Nematoda • fissiparousof cells that reproduce through fission, splitting into two • forcipulea modified pincer-like foreleg in centipedes, capable of injecting venom Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

13. Invertebrates • gemmulea small gemma or bud of dormant embryonic cells produced by some freshwater sponges • hermatypicof a coral that is a species that builds coral reefs • holdfasta root-like structure that anchors aquatic sessile organisms, such as seaweed, other sessile algae, stalked crinoids, benthic cnidarians, and sponges, to the substrate • hydroidany of many colonial coelenterates that exist mainly as a polyp; a hydrozoan • lophophorea feeding organ of brachiopods, bryozoans, and phoronids • madreporitea lightcolored calcerous opening used to filter water into the water vascular system of echinoderms • malpighian tubulea tubule that extends from the alimentary canal to the exterior of the organism, excreting water and wastes in the form of solid nitrogenous compounds • mantlethe body wall of a mollusc, from which the shell is secreted • mastaxthe pharynx of a rotifer which usually contains four horny pieces that work to crush the food • mesenteryin invertebrates, it describes any tissue that divides the body cavity into partitions • mesohylthe gelatinous matrix within a sponge • metamerismthe segmentation of the body into similar discrete units Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

14. Invertebrates • nematocysta capsule, in certain cnidarians, containing a barbed, threadlike tube that delivers a paralyzing sting • nephridiuma tubular excretory organ in some invertebrates • notochorda flexible rodlike structure that forms the main support of the body in the lowest chordates; a primitive spine • oocytea cell that develops into an egg or ovum; a female gametocyte • osculuman opening in a sponge from which water is expelled • ossiclea small bone (or bony structure), especially one of the three of the middle ear • parazoaninclude only one phylum known as the sponges • pentaradial symmetrya variant of radial symmetry that arranges roughly equal parts around a central axis at orientations of 72° apart • phagocytosisthe process where a cell incorporates a particle by extending pseudopodia and drawing the particle into a vacuole of its cytoplasm • pharyngeal slitfilter-feeding organs found in non-vertebrate chordates (lancelets and tunicates) and hemichordates living in aquatic environments • podocytecells that filter the bodily fluids in echinoderms • proboscisan elongated tube from the head or connected to the mouth, of an animal Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

15. Invertebrates • proglottidany of the segments of a tapeworm; they contain both male and female reproductive organs • protonephridiaan invertebrate organ which occurs in pairs and removes metabolic wastes from an animal's body • pseudocoelomateany invertebrate animal with a three-layered body and a pseudocoel • radulathe rasping tongue of snails and most other mollusks • rhopaliasmall sensory structures found within Scyphozoa that are characterized by clusters of neurons that can be used to sense light • rhynchocoela cavity which mostly runs above the midline and ends a little short of the rear of the body of a nemertean and extends or retracts the proboscis • scolexthe structure at the rear end of a tapeworm which, in the adult, has suckers and hooks by which it attaches itself to a host • scyphistomathe polypoid form of scyphozoans • spiculea sharp, needle-like piece • spiraclea pore or opening used (especially by spiders and some fish) for breathing • spongina horny, sulfur-containing protein related to keratin that forms the skeletal structure of certain classes of sponges • spongocoelthe large, central cavity of sponges Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

16. Invertebrates • tagmaa specialized grouping of arthropodan segments, such as the head, the thorax, and the abdomen with a common function • visceral massthe soft, non-muscular metabolic region of the mollusc that contains the body organs • water vascular systema hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

17. Invertebrates Mollusk shells Helix aspersa, a common land snail, has a calcium carbonate shell. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Snail-wiki-120-Zachi-Evenor."CC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Snail-wiki-120-Zachi-Evenor.jpgView on Boundless.com

18. Invertebrates The Scaphopods The Scaphopods ("boat feet") include the Antalis vulgaris, the shell of which is depicted here. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Black Chiton."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Black_Chiton.jpgView on Boundless.com

19. Invertebrates A "generalized mollusk" An anatomical diagram of a hypothetical ancestral mollusk, showing features common to many mollusk types. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Archimollusc-en.svg."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archimollusc-en.svgView on Boundless.com

20. Invertebrates Empty shell of a bivalve The empty shell of the giant clam, Tridacna gigas. Note the pair of shells that are hinged together, a characteristic of members of the class Bivalvia. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."File:Tridacna gigas.001 - Aquarium Finisterrae.JPG."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tridacna_gigas.001_-_Aquarium_Finisterrae.JPGView on Boundless.com

21. Invertebrates Chiton morphology The underside of the gumboot chiton, Cryptochiton stellari, showing the foot in the center, surrounded by the gills and mantle. The mouth is visible to the left in this image. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."File:Cryptochiton stelleri underside.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cryptochiton_stelleri_underside.jpgView on Boundless.com

22. Invertebrates Anthozoans The sea anemone (a), like all anthozoans, has only a polyp body plan (b). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. November 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44664/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

23. Invertebrates Cnidarian morphology Cnidarians have two distinct body plans, the medusa (a) and the polyp (b). All cnidarians have two membrane layers, with a jelly-like mesoglea between them. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. November 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44664/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

24. Invertebrates Types of polyps in Obelia The sessile form of Obelia geniculate has two types of polyps: gastrozooids, which are adapted for capturing prey, and gonozooids, which bud to produce medusae asexually. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. November 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44664/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

25. Invertebrates Cubozoans The (a) tiny cubazoan jelly Malo kingi is thimble shaped and, like all cubozoan jellies, (b) has four muscular pedalia to which the tentacles attach. M. kingi is one of two species of jellies known to cause Irukandji syndrome, a condition characterized by excruciating muscle pain, vomiting, increased heart rate, and psychological symptoms. Two people in Australia, where Irukandji jellies are most-commonly found, are believed to have died from Irukandji stings. (c) A sign on a beach in northern Australia warns swimmers of the danger. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. November 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44664/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

26. Invertebrates Sea stars Star stars are among the most familiar of marine invertebrates. They are members of the phylum Echinodermata. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Starfish, Mauritius."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Starfish,_Mauritius.jpgView on Boundless.com

27. Invertebrates The water vascular system of the sea star 1. Pyloric stomach 2. Intestine 3. Rectal gland 4. Stone canal 5. Madreporite 6. Pyloric duct 7. Pyloric cecum 8. Cardiac stomach 9. Gonad 10. Ambulacral plates 11. Ampullae Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Asterias."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asterias.svgView on Boundless.com

28. Invertebrates Trematodes Botulus microporus is a trematode that lives only in the intestinal tract of Lancetfish, Alepisaurus ferox. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."A-ferox digenean1."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A-ferox_digenean1.jpgView on Boundless.com

29. Invertebrates Cestodes Taenia saginata, also known as Taeniarhynchus saginata or the beef tapeworm, is a parasite of both cattle and humans. It displays the long series of proglottid subunits characteristic of the species. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Taenia saginata adult 5260 lores."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taenia_saginata_adult_5260_lores.jpgView on Boundless.com

30. Invertebrates Lophotrochozoans The Caribbean Reef Squid or Sepioteuthis sepioidea is a complex lophotrochozoan. Species in this group have bilateral symmetry. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Caribbean reef squid."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caribbean_reef_squid.jpgView on Boundless.com

31. Invertebrates Cnidocytes Animals from the phylum Cnidaria have stinging cells called cnidocytes. Cnidocytes contain large organelles called (a) nematocysts that store a coiled thread and barb. When hairlike projections on the cell surface are touched, (b) the thread, barb, and a toxin are fired from the organelle. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. November 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44664/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

32. Invertebrates Scyphozoans For jellyfish (a), and all other scyphozoans, the medusa (b) is the most prominent of the two life stages. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. November 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44664/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

33. Invertebrates Sea cucumbers Sea cucumbers are a member of the phylum Echinodermata which are found on the sea floor worldwide. As with all echinoderms, sea cucumbers have an endoskeleton just below the skin, calcified structures that are usually reduced to isolated microscopic ossicles joined by connective tissue. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Sea Cucumber."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sea_Cucumber.jpgView on Boundless.com

34. Invertebrates Sea urchins Sea urchins do not have arms, but have rows of tube feet that can be extended out of pores of the internal shell. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."SeaDSC01286."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SeaDSC01286.JPGView on Boundless.com

35. Invertebrates Sea lilies Sea lilies, like feather stars, have a mouth on their upper surface that is surrounded by arms used for feeding. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Crinoid on the reef of Batu Moncho Island."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crinoid_on_the_reef_of_Batu_Moncho_Island.JPGView on Boundless.com

36. Invertebrates Trilobite fossil Acadoparadoxides, possibly A. briareus, a large trilobite from about 500 million years ago from Morocco, North Africa (Middle Cambrian) Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."BLW Trilobite (Paradoxides sp.)."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BLW_Trilobite_(Paradoxides_sp.).jpgView on Boundless.com

37. Invertebrates Book gills The ventral side of a horseshoe crab showing the book gills located near the telson (tail). These gills flap back and forth bringing oxygen to the blood. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Horseshoecrab2."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Horseshoecrab2.jpgView on Boundless.com

38. Invertebrates House centipede The house centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata) is one of the 13,000 species of Myriapoda. They bear one pair of legs per segment and can inject venom. The Myriapods contain the millipedes and centipedes. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."House centipede."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House_centipede.jpgView on Boundless.com

39. Invertebrates Turbellaria Pseudobiceros bedfordi (Bedford's Flatworm), a member of the Turbellaria, is a marine species which uses the epidermis of its belly for locomotion. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Bedford's Flatworm."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bedford's_Flatworm.jpgView on Boundless.com

40. Invertebrates Clitellum The clitellum is the reproductive structure of an annelid. It creates mucus that aids in sperm transfer and gives rise to a cocoon within which fertilization occurs. It can be seen in this image as the enlarged band around the animal. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Regenwurm1."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Regenwurm1.jpgView on Boundless.com

41. Invertebrates Gastropod foot Gastropods, such as this Roman snail, have a large foot that is modified for crawling. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Grapevinesnail 01a."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grapevinesnail_01a.jpgView on Boundless.com

42. Invertebrates Cephalopods Cephalopods ("head foot") include this octopus, which ejects a stream of water from a funnel in its body to propel itself through the water. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Octopus3."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Octopus3.jpgView on Boundless.com

43. Invertebrates Insect showing wings and body segments Protaetia fieberi in flight posture. Hexapods are characterized by having three distinct tagma, or body segments. This beetle is just one of over one million different species of insects that inhabit the Earth. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Proteatia vol."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Proteatia_vol.jpgView on Boundless.com

44. Invertebrates Rotifers A bdelloid rotifer is a member of a class of rotifers found in fresh water and moist soil. The rotifer body consists of a head, a truck, and a foot. They eat by filtering food into the mouth by creating currents with the corona. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Bdelloid Rotifer."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bdelloid_Rotifer.jpgView on Boundless.com

45. Invertebrates Types of sponges (a) Clathrina clathrus belongs to class Calcarea, (b) Staurocalyptus spp. (common name: yellow Picasso sponge) belongs to class Hexactinellida, and (c) Acarnus erithacus belongs to class Demospongia. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. November 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44663/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

46. Invertebrates Sponge Spicule Sponges are classified based on the presence and types of spicules they contain. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Sponge-spicule hg."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sponge-spicule_hg.jpgView on Boundless.com

47. Invertebrates Sponge morphology The sponge's (a) basic body plan is a cylinder shape with a large central cavity. The specialized cell types in sponges (b) each perform a distinct function. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. November 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44663/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

48. Invertebrates Lifecycle of a jellyfish The lifecycle of a jellyfish includes two stages: the medusa stage and the polyp stage. The polyp reproduces asexually by budding,while the medusa reproduces sexually. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. November 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44664/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

49. Invertebrates Hydrozoans (a) Obelia, (b) Physalia physalis, known as the Portuguese Man O‘ War, (c) Velella bae, and (d) Hydra have different body shapes, but all belong to the family Hydrozoa. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. November 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44664/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

50. Invertebrates Molting in arthropods This cicada is in the middle of the molting process. The old cuticle splits and the insect climbs out. At this time, the insect's body is very soft. The cicada will then eat the old shell to replace nutrients that would otherwise be lost. This encourages the new shell to harden. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Cicada Molting."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cicada_Molting.jpgView on Boundless.com