Milan case city Angelo Martino TRT Trasporti e Territorio

1. Milan case city Angelo Martino TRT Trasporti e Territorio SCATTER workshop October 24th 2003 Polytechnic of Milan Department of Architecture and Planning

2. Milan case city - data

3. Milan case city - data Fonte: Atlante della competitività

4. Milan case city - data Development of population

5. Milan case city - data Development of population

6. Milan case city - data Production sectors

7. Milan case city - data Development of employees

8. Milan case city - data Car ownership

9. Milan case city - data Commuting trips

10. Milan case city – qualitative analysis Spatial and functional structure of the Milan region / 1 • Compact, intense built and mostly industrial areas, partially dismissed and now under re-use interventions • Low urbanised areas, mostly agricultural, now subject to scattered development • Compact growth areas along main transport infrastructures

11. Milan case city – qualitative analysis Spatial and functional structure of the Milan region / 2 • A monocentric system where in the core “higher” urban function are more and more concentrated • A “wave” system of urban quality, social classes, land value… with peaks in the city core, in the centre of first ring municipalities and in the second ring scattered development • A polycentric system based on the historical urban centres surrounding Milan

12. Milan case city – qualitative analysis Migration flows and location choices in the Milan region /1 From mid’70 to now Milan city has been loosing 1/3 population From early’80 Municipalities surrounding Milan has began loosing population moving to second ring, but the whole study area has not shown relevant decrement Particularly in the last ten years new tertiary, financial and cultural activity have settled in the core of the city “Low value” activity moved outward, in part outside study area Loss of population in central areas is in part mitigated by the presence of immigrants and “city users”

13. Milan case city – qualitative analysis Migration flows and location choices in the Milan region /2 • Main factors influenced the phenomenon: • Lack of planning regulations and policies • Cultural factors and households’ life-cycle • Economic factors • Perceived decrease in quality of life in the city core • Locational freedom

14. Milan case city – qualitative analysis • Structure of mobility patterns • a quantitative increase of mobility • a qualitative fragmentation of mobility • Intra-urban mobility, mostly served by public means of transport • Radial mobility between central city and surrounding areas • Horizontal mobility arising from external areas (mainly in the north of the region) where a consistent transport demand is autonomous from the Milan node

15. Milan case city – qualitative analysis Definitions of sprawl Respondents describe different typologies of urban sprawl: The sprawling residential suburbs: high quality of housing stock lack of elements that constitute the “urban” character lack of sense of community to loss of identity of space and population isolation can be only partially overcome by the use of private transport, in part because of congestion The sprawl of deprived peripheries: Pheripheral areas of main and secondary centres was (and still are) left aside by regeneration policies here sprawl is characterised by high density and deprived social and physical environment Non-residential sprawl: typical of highly land-consuming and highly accessible activity (commercial centres, leisure clusters) on main transport infrastructures Cause an erosion of the original historical structure of the region favouring the loss of identity

16. Milan case city – qualitative analysis Awareness as a knowledge issue The scale of the analysis can change perception and definition of problems: “local” scale considers Milan and its immediate surroundings and allow detecting a diffusive type of growth regional/interregional scale, where Milan is one node of a polycentric system in a compact conurbation that do not respects administrative boundaries. Urban sprawl should be observed at this scale also temporal scale have to be considered The set of data to be used to investigate urban sprawl can’t be only census data because it can’t survey phenomenon like immigration, city users….