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Aim What is an Enzyme?

Aim What is an Enzyme?. 1. What are the building blocks of proteins? 2. What determines the shape of a protein? 3. What determines the function of a protein?. Enzymes. A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in a cell. Enzyme are also called Catalysts.

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Aim What is an Enzyme?

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  1. Aim What is an Enzyme?

  2. 1. What are the building blocks of proteins?2. What determines the shape of a protein?3. What determines the function of a protein?

  3. Enzymes A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in a cell

  4. Enzyme are also called Catalysts • Biological catalyst • Biochemical catalyst

  5. List some reactions in a cells that require an enzyme to occur. To help with your list , write some of the organelles that are in a cell and think about what occurs at each of them. Organelle Reaction___Ribosome - Protein synthesisMitochondria-Vacuole-Chloroplasts-

  6. Enzymes speeds up chemical reactions • Synthesis • Digestion • Cellular respiration • Photosynthesis

  7. Enzymes • Substrate- the molecules that attaches to the enzyme • Active Site- the area on an enzyme where the substrate attaches

  8. Enzymes have shapes • Enzymes have specific shapes that influence how they interact with other molecules • Enzymes are proteins

  9. Digestive Enzyme • The enzyme(X) attaches to the starch and breaks it up into glucose products Enzyme is reused. (Stays intact)

  10. Synthesis Enzyme • Synthesis means to make or combine • Helps simple compounds combine to make complex compounds

  11. Functions of Enzymes • Digestion (Breaks down) • Synthesis (to make)

  12. Lock and Key concept Enzyme A Enzyme B

  13. Facts on enzymes • Proteins (have shapes) • Shape determines it’s function • Enzymes end in ‘ase’. ( Amylase, Maltase, protease, Lipase etc... • If enzymes are proteins, where are enzymes made in the cell? The Ribosomes

  14. 1. An enzyme and four different molecules are shown in the diagram below. The enzyme would most likely affect reactions involving • molecule A, only • molecule C, only • molecules B and D • 4.molecules A and C

  15. 2. Which substances are necessary for the synthesis of most materials in an organism? 1.hormones 2.carbohydrates 3.antibodies 4.enzymes

  16. 3. Which characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way? 1.Enzymes are complex compounds composed of starch. 2.Each enzyme has a characteristic shape. 3.Enzymes are long, complex fats. 4.Each enzyme is made up of four subunits

  17. 4. Compound X increases the rate of the reaction below. Compound X is most likely • an enzyme • a lipid molecule • an indicator • an ADP molecule

  18. 5. Substances X and Y are examples of which kind of molecule? • simple sugar • amino acid • fat • hormone

  19. Aim What factors affect the rate of an enzyme?

  20. What does rate mean? • Rate refers to the change of something over time • In other words how fast something goes Beats per second

  21. Factors affecting Enzymes rates • Temperature • pH (Acid or base) • Concentration

  22. Optimum Temperature • The temperature that an enzyme works best At what temperature does enzyme work best? 37° C

  23. Temperature change • Increase in temperature increases enzyme rate • Decrease in temperature decreases enzyme rate

  24. Extreme temperature change • Inactivates the enzyme because it destroys its shape • Substrate does not fit in active site Substrate Active site Enzyme

  25. pH scale • pH scale goes from 0-14 • Number assigned to a liquid indicating whether its an acid or base • The lower the pH the more acidic (Range 0-6) • The higher the pH the more basic ( Range 8-14) • Neutral is 7 (Water)

  26. pH change • Change in pH (acid or base) begins to change the shape of the enzyme which means it won’t work as well

  27. Optimum pH • Most enzymes work the best at a certain pH. This is called it’s optimum pH

  28. Some optimum pH values • Stomach Enzymes- pH 2 • Blood Enzymes pH-7 • Small Intestines pH-8

  29. Enzyme concentration • The more of a certain enzyme that is present the faster it will work on substrate Enzymes make chemical reactions occur faster

  30. The diagram illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms.  The substance labeled “catalyst” is also known as • a hormone • an enzyme • an antibody • an inorganic compound

  31. The graph shows the relative rates of action of four enzymes, A, B, C, and D. Which two enzymes would function in a region of the human body having a neutral pH? • enzymes A and B • enzymes B and C • enzymes C and D • enzymes B and D

  32. Base your answer on the graph and on your knowledge of biology. Which is a true statement about the relationship between pH and enzyme action? • All enzymes work best at a neutral pH. • Adding more acid does not affect the rate of activity of an enzyme. • Enzymes function only in a pH range of 4.0 to 5.5. • The activity of an enzyme is affected by pH

  33. Enzyme molecules normally interact with substrate molecules. Some medicines work by blocking enzyme activity in pathogens. These medicines are effective because they 1.are the same size as the enzyme 2.are the same size as the substrate molecules 3.have a shape that fits into the enzyme 4.have a shape that fits into all cell receptors

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