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Hybrid Technologies for On-site Power Generation

Hybrid Technologies for On-site Power Generation. Texas AFRED R&D Conference Austin, TX September 12, 2007. Larry Osgood Consulting Solutions PERC Consultant & DG Program Manager. TX AFRED Hybrid Generating Systems Presentation Overview. Basis of work PERC R&D and DG programs

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Hybrid Technologies for On-site Power Generation

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  1. Hybrid Technologies for On-site Power Generation Texas AFRED R&D Conference Austin, TX September 12, 2007 Larry Osgood Consulting Solutions PERC Consultant & DG Program Manager

  2. TX AFRED Hybrid Generating Systems Presentation Overview • Basis of work PERC R&D and DG programs • Why Rural & Remote Power Generation is important • Hybrid system rationale • Market entry challenges and approach • Hybrid optimization • CHP power units • Plans to move forward

  3. PERC Research & Development • To invest in new technologies and to foster industry practices that will: • Bring innovative products and services to propane customers, • Improve the productivity and economic vitality of the propane industry, and • Provide greater value to propane consumers. • www.propanecouncil.org/rd

  4. PERC Distributed Generation Program • Fuel cells • Micro-turbines • Engine generator sets • Standard • Hybrid (solar, wind, . . .) • CHP • Micro-CHP • www.propanecouncil.org/rd/distr_power_gen.html Propane 5 kW heavy-duty charging system

  5. Why Rural & Remote Power Generation is Important • Costs for electric lines average $55,000 per mile in US + power plants & transmission lines • Electric power is essential for communications, radar, security, education and more • Recent disasters proved value of DG andpropane fuel supplies • A propane genset can be effective for standby power anywhere in the world • But the key issue is, does propane make sense as an on-site power fuel

  6. DG Market Challenges & Strategies • Direct power generation has high costs. If it was easy, it would already be done. Our strategies to succeed in DG markets: • Increase performance of engines, lower costs • Utilize CHP to recover heat and lower costs • Utilize on-grid systems where incentives available • Backup power w/ peak-shaving capability • Gas Heat Pump w/ backup power • Advanced propane gensets/CHP in solar/wind hybrid systems for affordable off-grid electricity

  7. Why Use Propane/LPG for Local Heating, Cooking and DG Fuel? • Easily transportable • High energy density, liquid form • Easily stored on site • Can be stored underground • Not a ground contaminant • Self pressurizing gas, no pumps • Clean burning • Efficient • Substantial supplies • Readily available

  8. Fuel-Generated Power is Expensive • Continuous fuel-generated power? • Fine for limited uses, such as an RV & back-up power • Not cost effective for most prime power • Operating costs are high • CHP & Hybrid systems lower capital and operating costs

  9. Diagram of a Hybrid Power System

  10. Sunwize Hybrid Solar/Propane Power System

  11. Polar Power Small Hybrid Solar/Propane Power System

  12. Polar Power Mid-size Hybrid Solar/Propane Power System

  13. Hybrid Renewable Systems Have Significant Advantages • Hybrid = distributed electrical generation combining 2 or more power sources • Produce electricity on site, where power lines are not available or practical • Provide power on-site in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner • Hybrid systems are optimal for rural, remote, and developing country applications

  14. Propane Makes Small Renewable Hybrid Power Systems Perform • Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels • Small wind turbines • Micro-hydro (water) turbines • All the above are “renewable” but are • not reliable due to intermittency • Propane gensets provide instant, reliable power • Propane provides renewables with solid on-site performance

  15. Large Renewables Have Significant Drawbacks for State RPS Programs • High initial costs • Reliability and site issues can be difficult • Require significant power transmission systems

  16. Global GHG Emissions by Sector 14% 24% 8% 14% 18% 5% 3% 14% Important to have higher efficiency and lower CO2 power generating systems

  17. Summary of PERC DG 2007-8 Program Objectives to Move Hybrids Forward • Focus: Bring Propane Hybrid Systems to Market • Work with engine and generator mfgs. to develop superior propane engines & gensets • Work with power-electronics suppliers to improve performance & system controllers • Build relationships w/ other stakeholders including system manufacturers, installers, renewable industry, users & ww agencies • Present PERC accomplishments and new systems in papers at DG conferences

  18. Early Hybrid System

  19. Fuel Cells in DG / Hybrids ?? No. • Fuel Cell System Performance? • - Lower efficiency • - Higher cost • - Higher maintenance • - Shorter life • Biggest issue: • Can’t start • and stop • on demand

  20. Advanced Heavy-duty 2.5 – 5 kW Propane Engine & Genset

  21. Lombardini HD LPG Engine HD Diesel Based 2 cylinder Factory LPG Liquid Cooled 3 main bearings Overhead Valves Continuous duty

  22. Small Propane & Diesel Gensets Compared (1 – 10 kW)

  23. Current Rural Hybrid System

  24. New Xantrex Hybrid System Controller Propane genset is in white box Grey box is new Xantrexhybrid system controller with inverters

  25. New SMA “Sunny Island” Inverter High overload and Surge capacity Automatic generator starting DC & AC coupling built in Output load shedding!

  26. Gaia Advanced Hybrid System Controller w/ Large-capacity Battery Storage

  27. Cost Advantages w/ Hybrid System Operating Cost • Gensets have a lowinitial cost, buthigh O&M costs • Renewables have high initial costs with low O&M costs • The right combination of renewables and propane genset provides the lowest system cost, and highest reliability Initial Cost +

  28. Actual Output from HOMER Optimization Model HOMER is a computer model that simplifies the task of evaluating design options for both off-grid and grid-connected power systems for remote, stand-alone, and distributed generation (DG) applications. In 2001, identified hybrid systems optimal over solar only. Includes a web link to site specific solar data. http://www.nrel.gov/homer

  29. Propane genset only Solar system only Current hybrid Higher cost genset, no optimization, subsidies, or cost savings for no pole & wire Optimized hybrid site w/CHP $1.58 per kW $ .95 per kW $ .72 per kW $ .20 - .40 per kW Sample Hybrid System Costs

  30. CHP System Advantages • Regular gensets produce electricity – don’t utilize “waste-heat” • CHP systems start with advanced propane engines w/ 50% better efficiency • 2-3 units of heat energy for every unit of electrical energy produced • CHP systems typically twice as efficient as central electrical production • Lower energy cost and CO2 output

  31. New Honda 1.2 kW m-CHP System • UL listed propane system • PERC home demo in MA • Target home heating market • Provides heat and electricity • Can provide all home electricity needs • Replace conventional furnaces • Jointly developing off-grid& back-up system(adding storage)

  32. 1.2kW m-CHP 1-cyl Liquid-cooled Genset Module

  33. New 5kW CHP System

  34. Marathon HD Power Generators in a Hybrid Residential System • Minotaur 2.5 & 5 kW gensets available now • Full time, prime power, high efficiency systems • 5 kW ecopower CHP UL listed and available now • ecoisland developed, UL listing target is early 2008 • Distribution network in development

  35. Testing for Yanmar 5 kW CHP System • Testing at GTI is complete • Picture is 5 kW propane unit in test cell • Results excellent • Net output: 4.64 kW • Elec. Efficiency: 26.3% LHV, highest system efficiency tested to date • Noise extremely low: 51 dB

  36. 9.9kW Advanced CHP System Specs

  37. Rationale for Hybrid Market Opportunity • Electric power is increasingly needed to improve the quality of life around the world • Power needs at remote sites are increasing • Remote Power costs are extremely high • Renewable power emphasis is increasing • Emphasis on lowering CO2 emissions is “huge” • DG is a lead item in future market development potential and gallons

  38. How Do Hybrid Systems and Propane Support the On-Site Power Market • Propane is a reliable & clean fuel for power generation • New propane small genset technology leapfrogs diesel as the premium fuel in efficiency, maintenance and longevity • Hybrid systems generate power more efficiently and for lower cost than other alternatives • Propane hybrids maximize the performance of renwables for sustainability into the future

  39. For More Information Contact • Larry Osgood • Distributed Generation Program Manager • LDOGood1@aol.com • Greg Kerr • Director of Research and Developmentgreg.kerr@propanecouncil.org • Hybrid System Fact Sheet and more at: • www.propanecouncil.org/rd

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