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Chapter 16

Chapter 16 . Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century. Louis Sullivan. Architectural Pioneer: 1 st skyscraper 10 story Wainright Building, St. Louis Steel and elevator. Skyscrapers. Daniel Burnham-flatiron building, NYC Symbols of rich society Use of limited/expensive space.

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Chapter 16

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  1. Chapter 16 Life at the Turn of the 20th Century

  2. Louis Sullivan • Architectural Pioneer: 1st skyscraper • 10 story Wainright Building, St. Louis • Steel and elevator

  3. Skyscrapers • Daniel Burnham-flatiron building, NYC • Symbols of rich society • Use of limited/expensive space

  4. Urban Mass Transit • Electricity • Electric streetcars • El-trains • Subways • Rise of suburbs

  5. Suspension Bridge/Brooklyn Bridge • Steep cables • Engineering marvel • Tied sections of the city together

  6. Urban Planning • Frederick Law Olmstead-planned urban parks • Open, recreational spaces in cities • Central Park, NYC

  7. Airmail • Orville and Wilbur Wright • Airplane • Internal combustion engine • Efficiency in mail delivery

  8. Web Perfecting Process • Electricity • Cheap durable paper • Printed materials more affordable • Increased demand for books, magazines, and newspapers

  9. Kodak camera • George Eastman • New film processing techniques • Brought photography to the average American

  10. 16:2 Public Education

  11. Elementary Schools • Overall Pattern of Growth • Compulsory school attendance • Reading writing and arithmetic • Rote memorization • Physical punishments/strict discipline • Surge in kindergarten • Few public schools open to African American

  12. High Schools • Overall pattern of growth • Increased curriculum: science, civics, home-ec • Vo-tech • Few public high schools open to African Americans

  13. Colleges and Universities • Overall pattern of growth • Middle and upper class • Research universities: engineering, science, psych, sociology • Professional universities: law, medicine

  14. Booker T. Washington • Advocated technical skills • Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute

  15. W.E.B. DuBois • Advocated liberal arts degree • Niagara Movement • NAACP

  16. 16:3 Segregation and Discrimination

  17. Southern Voting patterns • Democrats control south after Reconstruction • Blacks Kept from voting • Literacy tests • Poll taxes • Poor whites “grandfathered” in

  18. Supreme Court • 15th says reasons why you can’t deny someone the right to vote: race, color, previous condition of servitude • Allowed for other restrictions

  19. Jim Crow Laws • Plessy v. Ferguson allows for segregating laws • Schools, hospitals, parks, transportation, etc. • Racial etiquette • Lynching-vigilante “justice”

  20. Ida B. Wells • Pushed for Federal Anti Lynching laws

  21. Plessey v. Ferguson • Established the doctrine of separate but equal • Tested state laws segregating RR cars • Upholds the notion that races should be separated because one is inferior • Overturned by Brown v. Board of Education by stating that separate but equal is inherently unequal

  22. Northern Segregation • Neighborhoods • Jobs • unions

  23. Discrimination of Mexican Americans • Southwest • RR • National Reclamation Act 1902 • Debt peonage

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