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Chapter 3.3

Chapter 3.3 . Families of Elements. How are Elements Classified?. - Elements are classified as metals or nonmetals -most are metals -shiny solids that can be stretched or shaped -good conductors of heat and electricity

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Chapter 3.3

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  1. Chapter 3.3 Families of Elements

  2. How are Elements Classified? • -Elements are classified as metals or nonmetals • -most are metals • -shiny solids that can be stretched or shaped • -good conductors of heat and electricity • -nonmetals (except hydrogen) are found on the right side of the periodic table • -typically dull and brittle • and are poor conductors • (pg86-87)

  3. Metals • Group 1 metals are highly reactive metallic elements called alkali metals • -have one valence electron that can • be easily removed to form a • positive ion, such as Na+ • -because of their reactivity, • these metals are not found in • nature as elements • -combine with other • elements to form • compounds (pg87) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJPVXk

  4. Metals • Group 2 of the periodic table contains alkaline-earth metals • -two valence electrons • -less reactive than alkali metals, but still • react to form +2 ions • -calcium • -makes up hard shells of many sea creatures • -forms limestone when • they die and form deposits • -magnesium • -milk of magnesia and epsom salt • (pg88)

  5. Metals • Groups 3-12 are called transition metals • -less reactive • -transition between Group 2 • metals and Group 13 metals • as you move across a period • -includes gold, silver, • copper, platinum, iron, • and cobalt • (pg89)

  6. Nonmetals • Except for hydrogen, nonmetals are found on the right side of the periodic table • -includes some elements in Groups • 13-16 all elements in Groups 17 • and 18 • -carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, • and sulfur are examples • (pg91)

  7. Nonmetals • Halogens are located in Group 17 • -chlorine is used to kill bacteria in • pools and drinking water • -fluorine is a poisonous yellowish • gas • -F- is used in toothpaste and • drinking water to prevent • tooth decay • -bromine is a dark red liquid • -iodine is a dark purple solid • -I- added to table salt helps • keeps thyroid gland healthy • (pg92)

  8. Nonmetals • Group 18 contains the noble gases • -these elements are inert, or • unreactive, because its • outer electron shell is full • of electrons • -neon used for signs • -helium used to lift • airships and balloons • -argon used to fill light • bulbs to prevent filaments • from burning (pg 93)

  9. Nonmetals • Some nonmetals are referred to as semiconductors or metalloids • -classified as nonmetals, but have • some metallic properties • -boron is an extremely hard • element used to increase • hardness of steel • -antimony compounds used as a • fire retardant • -silicon essential for computer • chips (pg93-94)

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