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Jonathan Swift

Jonathan Swift. Gulliver’s Travels. Swift’s Epitaph. Hic depositum est corpus JONATHAN SWIFT S.T.D. Hujus Ecclesiae Cathedralis Decani Ubi saeva indignatio Ulterius Cor lacerare nequit Abi Viator Et imitare, si poteris Strenuum pro virili Libertatis Vindicatorem.

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Jonathan Swift

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  1. Jonathan Swift Gulliver’sTravels

  2. Swift’sEpitaph

  3. Hic depositum est corpus JONATHAN SWIFT S.T.D. HujusEcclesiaeCathedralis Decani Ubisaevaindignatio Ulterius Cor lacerare nequit Abi Viator Et imitare, si poteris Strenuum pro virili LibertatisVindicatorem Here is laid the Body of Jonathan Swift Doctor of Sacred Theology, Dean of this Cathedral Church where fierce Indignation can no longer injure the Heart Go forth, Voyager, and imitate, if you can, this vigorous Champion of man’s Liberty

  4. irony • first recorded in Plato’sRepublic • Socrates, assuming the pose of ignorance or foolishness, asksseeminglynaive and innocuousquestionswhichgraduallyunderminehisinterlocutor’s case and traphimintoseeing the truth (Socraticirony) • Roman rhetoricians: a rhetorical figure and a manner of discourse in which for the most part the meaningwascontrary to the words

  5. verydifficult to define in allitsaspects • however, mostforms of irony involve the perception or awareness of a discrepancy or incongruitybetweenwords and theirmeaning, or betweenactions and theirresults, or betweenappearance and reality

  6. parody • imitation of the words, style, attitude, tone and ideas of an author in such a way as to makethemridiculous • Usuallyachieved by exaggeratingcertainfeatures, using more or less the sametechniqueas the cartoon caricaturist

  7. sarcasm • a way of speaking or writingthatinvolvessaying the opposite of whatyoureallymean, in order to make an unkindjoke or to show thatyou are annoyed • generallyheavierthanirony

  8. invective • aspeech or piece of writingwhichisused to denounce, abuse, criticizesharply, to express dislike, disgust, contempt or evenhatred • In Gulliver’sTravelsusedagainst the English nobility

  9. defamiliarization • to ‘defamiliarize’ is to makefresh, new, strange, differentwhatisfamiliar and known • throughit the writermodifies the reader’shabitualperceptionsand drawsattention to hidden or unusualaspects of reality

  10. enumeratio incongrua • a list of actions, events, objects, people, allsimilarexcept for one or some, which/who stand out for theirdiversity I am not the least provoked and the sight of a lawyer, a pickpocket, a colonel, a fool, a lord, a gambler, a politician, a whoremonger, a physician, an evidence, a suborner, an attorney, a traitor, or the like…

  11. scatologicalassociations • in pathology, ‘scatology’ is a diagnosis by a study of the faeces • atermused for literature in whichthere are references to urin, excrement and bodilyfunctions • a way to saythatwe must come to terms with the realities of our body • apowerfulmeans to deflatepride and arrogance

  12. the Enlightenment culture of eighteenth-century England tended to view humans optimistically as noble souls rather than vulgar bodies; Swift’s emphasis on the common filth of life is a slap in the face of the philosophers of his day. Thus, when Gulliver urinates to put out a fire in Lilliput, or when Brobdingnagian flies defecate on his meals, or when the scientist in Lagado works to transform excrement back into food, we are reminded how very little human reason has to do with everyday existence. Swift suggests that the human condition in general is dirtier and lowlier than we might like to believe it is.

  13. reductio ad absurdum • first appeared in classicalGreekphilosophy • a common form of argument by which one tries to demonstrate that a statement is true by showing that a false, or absurd result follows from its denial • or that a statement is false by showing that a false or absurd result follows from its acceptance

  14. languageinventiveness • to amuse the readers and attracttheirattention • to achieveverisimilitude • as a parody of travelliterature • to signal the ‘otherness’ of thoseworlds

  15. Gulliver • «gullible» • lacks drive, purpose • often, a mere instrument for conveying information to the reader • generallydescribeswithoutjudging • butinvoluntarymeans of criticism of the situations/people he describes → reactions

  16. undergoes several interesting transformations: from the naïve Englishman to the experienced but still open-minded world traveller of the first two voyages then to the perplexed island-hopper of the third voyage finally to the cynical, disillusioned, and somewhat insane misanthrope of the fourth voyage

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