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What working women need to breastfeed. Proximity to child Time Motivation and skill. Worker’s rights. 1st ILO convention – 1919 The Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 (No. 183), is the most recent standard accompanied by the Maternity Protection Recommendation, 2000
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Proximity to child • Time • Motivation and skill
Worker’s rights • 1st ILO convention – 1919 • The Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 (No. 183), is the most recent standard accompanied by the Maternity Protection Recommendation, 2000 (No. 191).
Entitlements • to all employed women, no matter what occupation or type of undertaking, including those women employed in atypical forms of work who often received no protection • 14 weeks of leave • Recommendation No. 191 suggests that this period be at least 18 weeks • the right to return to the same work, or one with the same pay, upon return from the leave (Articles 4 and 5)
Internationally.. • Bulgaria - 45 days 100% paid sick leave prior the due date, 2 years paid leave, and 1 additional year of unpaid leave. • Sweden, Norway, Estonia - 18 months' paid leave per child, the cost being shared between employer and State • Canada - 35 weeks divided between the two parents, which can be expanded to a year, paid for by the Employment Insurance system • UK - 52 weeks of maternity leave, 39 weeks of which is paid, with the first six weeks paid at 90% of full pay and the remainder at a fixed rate
India • MBA 1961, ESI Act 1941- 12 weeks paid maternity leave • 5th Pay Commission, 1997 - For Govt employees 4 ½ months 15 days paternity leave. In Punjab and Haryana 6 months
Who does this (not) apply to? • Applies to less than 10% of all working women!! • More than 93% working women work in the informal sector where there is no employer-employee relationship • These are the very women who have children with high mortality….who need it most
Consider • Domestic workers • Landless agricultural workers • Small scale home based workers (‘bindi’ worker, embroiderer etc etc) • Vendors
Challenges • What system for identification • Who will pay? • How will money be collected? • What delivery mechanism? • How will ‘leave’ be ensured? • What redressal mechanisms? (private sector, SEZs, contractual workers)
Some legislative measures • Social security bill for unorganised workers • Construction workers’ act
Some mechanisms • Direct cash transfers (MR SchemeTamil Nadu, NMBS) • Cess (construction workers act, 1%) • Tripartite Boards for implementation
Other enabling facilities • Creches on Worksites • Breastfeeding breaks: Over 90 ILO member States provide nursing breaks of at least one hour under national legislation • Privacy to breastfeed in public places – ‘women and child’ rooms at stations, airports etc • Easier commuting