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JET: A major scientific contribution to the conception and design of ITER

JET: A major scientific contribution to the conception and design of ITER. Prof. Francis Troyon Ex Chairman of the JET Scientific Council Ex Member of the ITER TAC former Director CRPP EPFL 25th JET Anniversary, Culham 20th May 2004.

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JET: A major scientific contribution to the conception and design of ITER

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  1. JET: A major scientific contribution to the conception and design of ITER Prof. Francis TroyonEx Chairman of the JET Scientific Council Ex Member of the ITER TAC former Director CRPP EPFL 25th JET Anniversary, Culham 20th May 2004

  2. The Outstanding Features of the JET concept • D-shaped configuration (vessel elongation  =1.6) • Largest size in the world (volume vacum vessel about 180x that in largest existing tokamak) • Highest current (12x) • Fully compatible with DT operation • Conservative engineering

  3. INTOR-Zero Parameters (1980) • D-shaped plasma ( =1.6) with divertor • R=5.2 m • a=1.3 m • I=6.4 MA • B=5.5 T • Density 1.4-1.5 1020m-3 (tentative) • Beta=5-6% (tentative)

  4. ITER Overall Objectives • Demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy for peaceful purposes

  5. ITER-RC detailed technical objectives (extract) • Achieve extended burn with Q>=10 during enough time to reach stationary conditions for plasma physics processes • Aim at demontrating steady-state operation at Q>=5. • Not preclude ignition

  6. ITER Performance Specifications • Adress issues of burning plasma experiments: confinement, stability, exhaust of helium ash and impurity contrôle in discharges with dominant alpha particle heating • Profile control and all mean to control profile and burn • Identify sufficiently reliable operating modes for nuclear testing

  7. R (m) 6.2 a (m) 2 VP (m3) 850 IP (MA) 15(17) Bt (T) 5.3 d,k 0.5, 1.85 Paux (MW) 40-90 Pa (MW) 80+ Q (Pfus/Pin) 10 bT, bP 2.5%, 0.7 ITER

  8. Plasma cross section Divertor

  9. L-Mode scaling

  10. Different tokamak operating modes

  11. H-Mode scaling

  12. Operational limits • The most favourable factors for confinement have limits. Performance will then depend on how close operation is possible near these limits: • Elongation  < ≈ 2 • Current I  B  a2/R2 • Pressure limit  IB/a • Density limit n  I/a2 But can these limits be pushed ?Advanced scenarios

  13. ITER Operational diagrams

  14. JET D-T Operation • Confirmation of good confinement scaling • Effect on PL-H simple but good !! • Demonstration of standard ITER scenario in steady state (ELMy H-Mode) without impurity accumulation • Fast a particles heat the plasma without being lost• Succesful demonstration of exhaust of thermal a-particles on JET done

  15. D-T Confinement scaling in JET

  16. 4.5 MW Fusion Power Demonstration of steady state ELMy H-Mode in D-T SCENARIO CHOSEN FOR Q ~ 10 OPERATION ON ITER

  17. From JET to ITER

  18. Conclusions • JET was a giant step when designed and built • JET served as the model for the design of all next step machines, including ITER • Without JET, what would ITER be today ?? • JET remains the essential machine to test any new concept for ITER in which size and performance is important • JET is an essential tool to study the « high reward » concepts (Advanced Scenarios) to further increase the operational domain and the identification of reliable operating modes for nuclear testing

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