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Value and Use of By-Products In Cow Diets

Value and Use of By-Products In Cow Diets. Rick Rasby Beef Specialist University of Nebraska. Items That Will Be Addressed This in Presentation. Nutrient attributes of Corn Gluten Feed and Distillers Grains Experiments using corn by-products in forage diets Nitrogen recycling

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Value and Use of By-Products In Cow Diets

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  1. Value and Use of By-Products In Cow Diets Rick Rasby Beef Specialist University of Nebraska

  2. Items That Will Be Addressed This in Presentation • Nutrient attributes of Corn Gluten Feed and Distillers Grains • Experiments using corn by-products in forage diets • Nitrogen recycling • Uses in cow diets

  3. Corn Gluten Feeds:19-24% CP(80% DIP), .8% P, 4.0% fat, 37% NDF High fiber energy source with high digestibility Energy content – 100 (dry) -110 % (wet) of corn Sulfur content - .47%

  4. Distillers Grains (Nutrients are 3X of corn) 30% CP(65% UIP), .8% P, 11% fat, 40% NDF High fiber energy source with high digestibility Energy content - 125% (wet or dry) of corn Fat content may limit amount used in diet Sulfur content - .40%

  5. Grain By-products in High-Forage Diets • Why they should fit? • Protein source • first-limiting in low-quality forage diets – DIP • corn stalks, meadow hay, cane hay, winter range • Energy – usually greater than corn in forage diets • Energy source that’s digested like fiber source • A source of Phosphorus • 0.70 to 0.95% P • 2 lb CGF or DDG vs 2 oz. 16% mineral • May improve intake and digestibility • forages CP < 7.0% CP

  6. Dry Corn Gluten Feed in a Heifer Development System Objective Design system for wintering bred heifers without using harvested forages prior to calving. • Dormant Native range • Supplementation – need energy and protein • Question – What happens to: • Reproductive performance • Supplementation costs

  7. Materials and Methods Pre-calving Post-calving Sept March Sept BW BCS BW BCS Calf birth wt Pregnancy BW BCS Calf wn wt Treatments Applied Managed as Group

  8. Composition of CONTROLAnd TREATMENT Supplements

  9. Feeding Schedule, lb/d

  10. Pre-calving BCS Change a b a b Year x Trt, P < 0.01 a,bP < 0.01

  11. Post-calving BCS Change a b Year x Trt, P = 0.04 a,bP < 0.05

  12. Reproductive Performance aPercent of heifers pregnant with second calf

  13. Economic Analysis

  14. What did we learn from this experiment? 1. CGF can be used in forage diets that don’t meet the animal’s energy and protein requirement. 2. CGF has no negative effects on reproduction. 3. CGF, if priced competitively, can be cost effective. 4. CGF appears to have no negative effect on forage digestion.

  15. Protein requirements MP system Feed protein urea, DDG RUMEN DIP UIP DIP BCP BCP + MP NH3+ Carbon = Microbial Protein (BCP) Small Intestine

  16. Materials and Methods • Treatments (0, 33, 66, 100, 133% NRC predicted DIP deficiency of diet) • Diets • 58% Corn cobs • 12% Sorghum silage • 30% Dried Distillers Grains • Replaced DDG with urea to meet DIP requirement - Diet contained • 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 or 1.6% urea • DIP requirement was met with 1.2% urea

  17. Expected Heifer ADG Treatment

  18. P=0.77 Actual Heifer ADG Treatment

  19. P=0.95 Intake Treatment

  20. P=0.54 Feed efficiency Treatment

  21. NRC Protein Balance

  22. Diet Evaluation

  23. Materials and Methods • Treatments • 3.0 lb DDG (DM) • 3.0 lb DDG (DM) + 0.1 lb urea • Hay diets • 7.4% CP; 54% TDN • Ad libitum consumption • Weigh at 28 d intervals for 84 d

  24. Diet Evaluation

  25. What did we learn from these experiments: • Distillers grains in forage diets when DIP is not met: • ADG not effected • Hay intake not effected • Feed efficiency not effected • Suggests if MP is in excess then there is no need to supplement DIP??

  26. Excess MP Dietary Protein SMALL INTESTINE RUMEN

  27. Use of Corn Milling By-Products in Cow Diets A. Forage diets when energy and protein are deficient. 1. Young females before and after calving 2. High milk females 3. Standing dormant forage in late fall early winter – increase BCS B. During drought 1. Limit-fed grain diets

  28. Alternate Day Feeding of Energy Supplements in Forage Diets Objective 1. Supplement energy when deficient in forage diets. 2. Maintain a healthy rumen: a. Rumen pH remains stable – acidosis b. Forage digestibility not decreased c. Rumen microbial population doesn’t change 3. Reduces the cost of supplementation

  29. Value of corn by-products in Cow Diets Protein source Corn Gluten Feed – DIP Distillers Grains – UIP Need to Supplement DIP?? Energy source Corn Gluten Feed – equal to or greater (10%) than corn Distillers Grains – greater (25%) than corn Fat source – but may limit use - Distillers Phosphorus source May be an energy source that can be fed every- other-day - - reduce feed costs Feed up to 8 – 10 lb DM per day

  30. Beef website at: http://beef.unl.edu Beef Reports at: http://ianr.unl.edu/pubs/beef/beefrpt.htm Ag Institute Website: http://ianrhome.unl.edu

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