Chapter 7 Section 3

1. Chapter 7 Section 3 Segregation and Discrimination

2. Racism Causes Discrimination • Many whites felt they were superior to whites following the end of slavery. • Many scientists at the time also felt that whites were racially superior to African Americans. • When reconstruction ended in 1877, Southern states began to restrict the rights of African Americans.

3. Segregation Expands in the South • Whites weakened political power of African Americans by restricting their rights to vote through: • Literacy tests • Reading tests • Poll taxes • For example: • Literacy tests were given that were written in Latin • Many African Americans couldn’t afford the tax payment that was required to vote.

4. Segregation Expands Cont. • The poor were prevented from voting as well. • Grandfather laws created which stated a man could vote if his ancestor was able to. • THE CATCH: Before 1867 most African Americans didn’t have the right to vote. This kept African Americans from voting still.

5. Whites could use the grandfather clause to protect their voting rights, blacks could not. • Jim Crow Laws also created voting restrictions by enforcing segregation • Segregation: Separation of black and white people in public places • Result: Separate schools, trolley seats, and restrooms were common

6. Plessy v. Ferguson • In 1892, Homer Plessy, an African American, sued a railroad company, arguing that segregated seating violated his 14th Amendment right of “equal protection of the laws.”

7. Plessy v. Ferguson Ruling • The Supreme Court ruled against Plessy. • It argued “separate but equal” facilities did not violate the 14th Amendment. • IN REALITY: • Separate facilities are not equal. White-controlled governments and companies allowed the facilities for African Americans to decay. • AFRICAN AMERICANS WOULD HAVE TO ORGANIZE TO FIGHT FOR EQUALITY

8. African Americans Organize • Booker T. Washington: An early leader in the effort for equality • What he did: Helped African Americans learn trades and gain economic strength. • HE DID NOT OPENLY CHALLENGE SEGREGATION • Famous Quote: In “purely social matters,” whites and blacks “can be separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress

9. African Americans Organize Cont. • W.E.B. DuBois: encouraged African Americans to reject segregtion • Along with other reformers founded the NAACP • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

10. Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois

11. Violence In the North and South • KKK: Remains strong following reconstruction • More than 2,500 African Americans lynched between 1885 and 1900. • Ida B. Wells led the fight against lynching when three of her friends were lynched in 1892.

12. Violence Cont. • Like Wells, many African Americans moved north to escape racial discrimination. • Many Northern whites still discriminated against African Americans.

13. Racism in the West • Chinese immigrants also faced discrimination. • Chinese laborers received less wages for the same jobs as other immigrants.

14. Racism Cont. • In 1885 Rock Springs, Wyoming white workers refused to work in the same mine as Chinese immigrants. • Whites stormed through the Chinese part of town burning down buildings. • 28 Chinese immigrants were killed and 15 injured.

15. Racism Cont. • At the same time, Mexicans and African Americans in the Southwest were forced into Peonage. • In this system of labor, people are forced to work until they have paid off their debts. • Congress outlawed peonage in 1867 but it did not go away right away.

17. Plessy v. Ferguson Video http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=0395F01A-F50B-4AD7-B0AC-4D53B8D64209&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US Segregation Video http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=FEBE8E0C-6B1B-43E0-8330-83D0D29CD38D&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US