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Naming Chemical Compounds

Naming Chemical Compounds. I Know Who You Are. To Name a Chemical Compound Means You Ask the Following Questions. Is the compound ionic or covalent? Is the ionic compound an acid or not? Is the non-acidic ionic compound binary or polyatomic? Rules for

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Naming Chemical Compounds

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  1. Naming Chemical Compounds I Know Who You Are

  2. To Name a Chemical Compound Means You Ask the Following Questions • Is the compound ionic or covalent? • Is the ionic compound an acid or not? • Is the non-acidic ionic compound binary or polyatomic? • Rules for • Ionic binary - Ionic polyatomic • Acids - Covalent

  3. How do you know if it’s ionic or covalent? • The periodic table can be divided into two portions: metals and non-metals • Metals to the left; non-metals to right • Ionic compounds have metals and non-metals • Covalent compounds have only non-metals • Ionics have positive and negative ions

  4. If it is ionic- has a metal and a non-metal- is it binary or polyatomic? • Binary ionic compounds contain only two different kinds of elements- one metal and one non-metal • Examples: NaCl, KI, AlBr3, Cr2O3 • Polyatomic ionic compounds contain three or more kinds of elements- usually one metal and a group of non-metals • Examples: Na2SO4, (NH4)3PO4, KClO3 • The method of naming is similar with subtle differences

  5. Soooooo….what’s an acid? • Acids are a category of chemicals that have a certain set of chemical properties • pH < 7 • Corrosive • Reacts with metal • Sour taste • Produce H+1 when dissolved in water • We’ll identify them as ionic compounds containing an H+1 ion as the metal

  6. Naming Flow Chart

  7. Rules for Binary Ionic Compounds • Name the metal ion from the chart • Watch for these five metals which have two common charges: Cu, Fe, Sn, Pb, Hg • These must be named to specify which charge • Use either Roman numerals in parenthesis to show charge or • Old Latin names with –ous ending for lower charge or –ic ending for higher charge • Latin names: Cu= cuprum, Fe= ferrum, Sn= stannum Pb = plumbum, Hg = mercur • Name the non-metal from chart but change the ending to -ide

  8. Examples of Binary Ionic Compounds • NaCl  Na is sodium Cl is chlorine so we name it sodium chloride • AlBr3  Al is aluminum Br is bromine so we call it aluminum bromide (the 3 is not named) • Cr2O3  Cr is chromium and O is oxygen so we name it chromium oxide

  9. An example of the 5 special metals • PbI2 Pb is lead. Lead can have two charges (+2 and +4). We must specify which lead it is. • To determine the form we look at the other ion, iodide • Iodide has a -1 charge. There are 2 iodides. So, the total is 2 x (-1) = -2 • The lead must balance this charge so it is the +2 form • +2 is the charge of lead which is the lower charge • Use either a Roman numeral two (II) or the –ous ending • So, it is either lead (II) iodide or plumbous iodide

  10. Rules for Polyatomic Ionics • Identify the group that acts as a single unit. This is called the polyatomic ion. • Name the positive “side” or metal portion • Watch for the same 5 metals as before • Only one polyatomic “metal” exists- NH4+1 • Name the non-metal or negative “side” using the oxidation/charge sheet • The names generally end with –ite or –ate

  11. Examples of Polyatomics • NaHCO3 We identify HCO3-1 as the polyatomic group. Na is sodium; the polyatomic group is bicarbonate. The name is sodium bicarbonate. • Ca(OH)2  The group in parenthesis is the polyatomic ion. It is hydroxide. Ca is calcium; the polyatomic group is hydroxide. The name is calcium hydroxide.

  12. A “5 metal” example • Fe2(SO3)3 SO3-2 is the polyatomic group. Fe is iron but it has multiple possible charges. The type must be specified. To determine the form of iron we look at the charge of SO3  -2. Three SO3-2 would have a 3x(-2) = -6 charge. The iron must balance this. There are two irons so 2 Fe = +6. Fe is +3 • +3 is the high charge for iron: SO3-2 is sulfite • The name is either iron (III) sulfite or ferric sulfite

  13. Rules for Acids • Acids have H+1 as the metal portion • Separate H+1 from the rest of the molecule • Determine the name of the non-metal • If… • The ion ends with –ide name acid as hydro___ic acid • The ion ends with –ite name acid as ___ous aicd • The ion ends with –ate name acid as ___ic acid • Acid means “H+1” ion as metal.

  14. Acid Examples • HCl  Cl is the non-metal. It would be named chloride. An –ide ending means name the acid as hydrochloric acid. • HNO2  NO2-1 is the non-metal. It is named nitrite. An –ite ending means we name the acid as nitrous acid. • H3PO4  PO4-3 is the non-metal. It would be named phosphate. An –ate ending means we name the acid as phosphoric acid.

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