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World War II: The Home Front

Explore the crucial roles of women, African-Americans, and Japanese Americans during World War II on the home front, including social changes, racial tensions, and struggles for equal rights. Discover their impact on the war effort and post-war America.

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World War II: The Home Front

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  1. World War II: The Home Front US History: Spiconardi

  2. Women • In the military • Over 200,000 women served in separate units • Operated radios, repaired planes & vehicles, clerical duties, nursing

  3. Women • Civilian Workforce • Job opportunities for women to replace men at war • Over 5 million took jobs in factories devoted to wartime production

  4. Women • Rosie the Riveter

  5. “All the day long,Whether rain or shine,She's a part of the assembly line.She's making history,Working for victory,Rosie the Riveter.Keeps a sharp lookout for sabotage,Sitting up there on the fuselage.That little girl will do more than a male will do”

  6. Women • Social Change • Many married women and mothers continued to work outside the home after World War II • Encouraged women to enter the workforce

  7. African-Americans • Civilian Workforce • FDR issues Executive Order No. 8802 • Employers in defense industries had to make jobs available “without discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin.” • Blacks migrate to industrial cities in North & West • Whites hostile • 1943 Race Riots over 250 racial conflicts in 47 cities

  8. African-Americans 1943 Race Riots Detroit

  9. African-Americans • Military • Nearly 1,000,000 enlisted • Served in segregated units • Tuskegee Institute • Trained black pilots • Faced discrimination • Race riots on bases instigated by whites • Red Cross separated donated blood by race

  10. African-Americans • Resulting Change • Blacks create voting blocs in urban areas • New economic opportunities (despite being paid significantly lower than whites) • Sparks Civil Rights Movement • Ready to wage a fight for full voting rights, end to segregation and equal access

  11. Japanese Internment • After Pearl Harbor many Americans feared the presence of Japanese Americans • Threat to national security • “Had to have had spies in Hawaii to enable this attack”

  12. Wartime Relocation Act FDR establishes military zones for the imprisonment of Japanese Americans 120,000 imprisoned 77,000 were Nisei  native born citizens of the U.S. See Reading for further details Japanese Internment

  13. Japanese Internment • Korematsu v. United States • Fred Korematsu refused to leave his Italian-American girlfriend and be relocated • Arrested and convicted of violating Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34 • Appeals case all the way to Supreme Court • S.C. upholds lower court rulings in 6-3 decision

  14. Japanese Internment • Korematsu vs. United States • Files writ of coram nobis in 1983 due to new evidence not presented by FBI • Federal judge ruled that while internment did not violate constitution, all detainees were victims of “unsubstantiated facts, distortions and…racism”

  15. Japanese Internment • Reparations • In 1988, Congress voted to give each surviving detainee $20,000 and a public apology

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