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Genomics, Genetics, Genome, Gene, Proteins, Proteome, Proteine Chemistry, Proteomics, …

Genomics, Genetics, Genome, Gene, Proteins, Proteome, Proteine Chemistry, Proteomics, …. Attempt of an overview and systematics Uttendorf 2004. Overwiev. Cells Molecules of live Genes and genome Proteomics On some concepts of signal processing in life science. 1. Cells.

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Genomics, Genetics, Genome, Gene, Proteins, Proteome, Proteine Chemistry, Proteomics, …

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  1. Genomics, Genetics, Genome, Gene, Proteins, Proteome,Proteine Chemistry,Proteomics, … Attempt of an overview and systematics Uttendorf 2004

  2. Overwiev • Cells • Molecules of live • Genes and genome • Proteomics • On some concepts of signal processing in life science

  3. 1. Cells • procaryotic /eucariotic • nucleus (chro-mosomes) / cytoplasma (i.e. mitochon- dria, ribosomes) • Cell cycle

  4. 2. Molecules of live • Small molecules • nucleotides (i.e. DNA bases A, C, G and T) • 20 different amino acids as the building blocks for proteins, • i.e.

  5. Proteins • main building blocks and functional molecules of the cell • 20% of cell weight (water: 70%) • four levels of structure • 3 – 10 nm

  6. DNA • main information carrier molecule in a cell • polynucleotide, i.e. consists of several nucleotides A, G, C and T • simplest case: single stranded; directed chain of 4 different small molecules called nucleotides, i.e. A → G → T → C → C → A → A → G → C → G → A → A → T → G • Complementary strand: mutually exchange A with T and C with G and change direction; for our example: T ← C ← A ← G ← G ← T ← T ← C ← G ← C ← T ← T ← A ← C • Complementary nucleotides bind weakly → longer compl. strands tend to stick together A-G-T-C-C-A-A-G-C-G-A-A-T-G-C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | T-C-A-G-G-T-T-C-G-C-T-T-A-C-G

  7. RNA • similar to DNA, but single stranded • functionally different types: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

  8. 3. Genes and genomes Genome:an organism‘s complete set of DNA

  9. Genes and protein synthesis • Gene: continuous stretch of DNA, from which a • particular type of proteins can be made • Proteine syntesis 1. Transcription

  10. 2. Splicing pre-mRNA

  11. 3. Translation Result: Preprotein

  12. Protein synthesis (summary)

  13. Genetics vs. Genomics Genetics: Study of single genes and their effects Genomics: study not just of single genes, but of the functions and interactions Qualitative shift in medical applications: concept of one desease↔ concept of information (Genetics) (Genomics)

  14. 4. Proteomics One genome - different proteomes! Proteome: Constellation of all proteines in a cell

  15. Just one special tool: 2D-Gelelektrophorese I.e. analysis of proteine pattern for brain tissue More proteine GFAP is produced in case of Alzheimer

  16. Proteine Chemistry vs. Proteomics

  17. 5. On some concepts of signal processing in life science

  18. Summary Genome “Genomics” DNA mRNA Proteome “Proteomics” Proteins Cell functions

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