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PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT

PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT. Government and the State. WHAT IS GOVERNMENT?. Government: the political and administrative institutions of a society, the institution found in every civilized society that passes, administers and enforces the laws that control the society.

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PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT

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  1. PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT Government and the State

  2. WHAT IS GOVERNMENT? • Government: the political and administrative institutions of a society, the institution found in every civilized society that passes, administers and enforces the laws that control the society. • Examples: Autocracy-rule by one • Oligarchy-rule by few • Democracy-rule by many

  3. Sovereign State - a body of people, occupying a defined territory, organized politically and having power to make and enforce law without consent of a higher authority.

  4. At least 90% of political conflict has historically revolved around the questions of: • Who has the power/responsibility and who doesn’t? • How much government is necessary? • NBC-ANN CURRY-SOMALIA Today that conflict continues . . . . . .

  5. Origins • Force theory-war • Evolutionary-family • Divine Right-God made me King (China called this?) • Social Contract-constitution

  6. Natural Rights Theory • Man in state of nature has all rights possible.

  7. Social Contract Theory An agreement to create a state.The surrender of power to the state to promote safety. • People are source of power • People give consent to government to rule • Government provides protection of natural rights

  8. Thomas Hobbes - English - (1588-1679) Leviathan 1651, Political theory-issues of freedom and authority A. Man in a state of nature state of war (fear)

  9. B. Man in a political state • power surrendered to ruler • man has no right to resist • the ruler answers to no one • if your ruler is overthrown, you give loyalty to the new ruler • A brutal , oppressive government is better than a “state of nature”

  10. John Locke - English - (1632-1704) Two Treatises on Civil Government 1690 A. Man in a state of nature man is bound by natural law can be discovered through reason and logic Page 806 in textbook, Declaration of Independence is on page 770, use to answer essential question 2 on your study guide for unit I

  11. B. Man in a political state (the social contract) • contract between man and their government • government created to serve its subjects • Limited government and sovereinty of the people

  12. John Locke cont. government cannot violate natural law or contract broken. Subjects no longer bound. Right of Revolution !!

  13. “We hold these truths to be self evident; that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their justpowers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it.”page 770 in textbook Declaration of Independence

  14. Jean Jacques Rousseau - French - (1712-1778) The Social Contract 1762considered the “Greatest Prophet of the Democratic Revolution.” • A. Man in a state of nature • man good, society corrupts • men have two instincts: self preservation and compassion • there are two types of inequality: natural and political

  15. Rousseau cont. • Majority rules - no minority rights - no limited government • The general will is always best. Individuality would destroy society. • Direct or pure democracy only. • Majoritarian

  16. Montesquieu • (1689-1755) in 1748 wrote • The Spirit of Laws • He believed in a separation of powers in the government • 3 branches: legislative, executive, and judicial • He opposed the idea of power in the hands of one person.

  17. Characteristics of American Democracy • popular consent • popular sovereignty • majority rule • individualism • equality • personal liberty 7.________________

  18. GovernmentTypes of States and Other Political Units

  19. POLITICAL SYSTEMS • A society’s political system includes all the formal and informal ways the society goes about determining who will have political authority, how much they will have and how and for what purposes it will be exercised.

  20. STRUCTURES OF GOVERNMENT OR GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POWER • UNITARY • FEDERAL • CONFEDERAL OR CONFEDERATE

  21. Federal States • States where decisions are split between the central government and more local divisions

  22. Confederal States • A loose alliance of states. • Our first constitution, the Articles of Confederation gave most of the power to the individual 13 states.

  23. CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT BY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES

  24. CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT BY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES

  25. COMPARISON OF PRESIDENTIAL • Selection of chief executive, single executive • Fixed term of office • Separation of powers • Set time for elections

  26. PARLIAMENTARY • Plural Executive, Prime Minister and cabinet • No fixed term • No separation of powers • No set time of elections

  27. http://www.parliament.uk/education/online-resources/videos/youve-got-the-power/ygtp-voting-1/http://www.parliament.uk/education/online-resources/videos/youve-got-the-power/ygtp-voting-1/ • http://www.parliament.uk/education/online-resources/videos/the-general-election-xplained/general-election-xplained-short/

  28. CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT BY NUMBER WHO CAN PARTICIPATE • DICTATORSHIP • Can be based on an individual • Or an ideology • Authoritarian-complete obedience to an authority, concentration of political power in an authority not responsible to the people.

  29. Totalitarian-a political regime based on subordination of the individual to the state and strict control of all aspects of life by coercive means. • Show Equilibrium

  30. Economics: The Creation and Distribution of Wealth

  31. Land Labor Capital Entrepreneurship U.S. has a mixed market economy Economics: Use of scarce resources to produce goods/services, distribute them among competing groups/individuals

  32. CapitalismFREE MARKET • Adam Smith-1776 The Wealth of Nations-laissez faire • Private Property • Profit/Ownership • Freedom of Competition • Freedom of Choice

  33. Socialism • Private & Public Ownership • Government owns the basic means of production • Creates Social Equality & Equality of Results

  34. Communism • COMMAND ECONOMY • Public Ownership • Central Planning/Controlled Economy

  35. Karl Marx • 6 steps to theory: • Economic Interpretation of History • Surplus Value Theory (Labor Theory of Value) • Class Struggle-Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat • Overthrow of the Bourgeoisie ( can be violent) • Dictatorship of the Proletariat, but with the ultimate goal of a classless society • Establishment of Communism “each work according to their ability, receive according to their needs.

  36. U.S. Government Economic Tools • Monetary Policy- management of money supply • Fiscal Policy- management of taxes and government expenditures • National Debt http://www.brillig.com/debt_clock/

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