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Today

Today. Pick up the 2 scoring guideline sheets Read through each scoring guideline and compare to your graded essay Schedule Discuss the grading process Grade test essays Go over the rest of the test Discuss Plant Diversity.

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Today

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  1. Today • Pick up the 2 scoring guideline sheets • Read through each scoring guideline and compare to your graded essay • Schedule • Discuss the grading process • Grade test essays • Go over the rest of the test • Discuss Plant Diversity

  2. Have out your life video questionsPlant Diversity(its not an old wooden ship) Chapter 29-30 • Objectives: • Understand the 4 main phyla of plants • Understand the evolutionary history of plants • Look at key adaptations in different groups of plants

  3. Homework • Bring 6 pack of plants for Monday – your choice – just needs to have good leaves • Start re-studying plant structure vocabulary (Ch. 35) and photosynthesis and cellular respiration (Ch. 9 and 10)

  4. I. Characteristics of Plants • Multicellular • Have an organized, complex cell (Eukaryote) • Have cell walls made of cellulose • Contain chlorophyll • Evolved from multi-celled green algae

  5. 1. Four phyla of the plant kingdom • Bryophytes (mosses) – 18,000 extant species, non-vascular plants • Pteridophytes (ferns) – 13,000 species, seedless, vascular plants • Gymnosperms (cone-bearing) – 721 species, vascular plants with seeds contained in cones (naked seed) • Angiosperms (flowering plants) – 250,000 species – vascular plants with seeds contained in flowers/fruit

  6. Intertidal Zones

  7. 2. Charyophyceans and Land plants Similiarities • Rose-shaped proteins that make cellulose • Peroxisome enzymes (photorespiration) • Sperm structure • Formation of cell plate • Homologous chloroplasts (DNA)

  8. 3. Terrestrial Adaptations • Apical meristems (roots/shoots) – better exposure to resources • Multicellular, dependent embryos – better protection • Alternation of generations – produces more spores • Walled spores – sporopollenin – most durable organic material known • Multicellular gametangia – produce many gametes • Cuticle, stomata, vascular tissue – prevent water loss • Seeds/Pollen – don’t need water for reproduction

  9. Sporopollenin

  10. 4. Alternation of Generations

  11. 5 and 6. Bryophytes • Liverworts, hornworts, mosses • Protonema – 1 cell thick • Non-vascular • Anchored by rhizoids (no water uptake) • Prefer moist environments • Gametophyte generation - dominant

  12. Moss Sporophytes

  13. Moss animation http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/moss.html

  14. Moss Life Cycle

  15. 7 and 8. Pteridophytes (ferns) Pinnae • Ferns are the most abundant group of seedless vascular plants • 75% of species occur in tropics • Sporophyte generation is dominant (gametophyte usually hard to find) • Frond – leaf • Rhizome – underground stem • Sori (sorus) – clusters of sporangia (produce spores)

  16. Fiddleheads

  17. Fern Life cycle

  18. Sori

  19. Young sporophyte Gametophyte (prothallus)

  20. Objectives • Understand the evolutionary significance of seeds, pollen, and vascular tissue • Understand pollination and fertilization of seed plants

  21. Seed Plants • Reduced gametophyte – able to be protected inside parental sporophyte for nutrition and protection (UV light) • Spores are now contained inside sporophyte

  22. 10. Seeds • Plants can live in more diverse terrain • Protects embryo from harsh environments • Allows for better seed dispersal

  23. 11. Pollen • Tough outer coat of sporopollenin • Male gametophyte • Able to travel large distances (reach other plants), created more genetic diversity (gene flow) • Specific for each species of plant

  24. 12. Gymnosperms • 30.8 • 30.4

  25. Gymnosperm Life Cycle

  26. 13. Angiosperms • 30.11

  27. Mo n ocot D icot # of C oty l edons L eaf ve i n pat t ern V ascul a r bundle s R oot sy s te m Mu lt ip l e of petals Monocot VS. Dicot 2 1 Parallel Branching In a ring Scattered Fibrous Taproot Multiples of Three Multiples of 4 or 5

  28. Monocots/Dicots

  29. 14. Flowers • Pollination is less random • Protects embryo

  30. Types of fruit

  31. 16. Seed Dispersal • Fruit has propellers – dispersed by wind • Burrs, hooks – animal fur • Tasty fruit – digestive tract of animals

  32. Exceptions to the rule • Complete flowers • Incomplete • Bisexual (perfect, monoecious) • Unisexual (imperfect, dioecious)

  33. Flower Diversity • Coevolution – pollinators

  34. Pollination/Fertilization • Pollination – pollen travels from anther to stigma • Fertilization – pollen travels from stigma, through style, and fuses with egg inside ovary • Plants can prevent self-fertilization (preserve genetic variation)

  35. Gametophyte development

  36. Rest of Today • Review • Plant structures – organize the vocab words • Photosynthesis and Respiration • Organize the photosynthesis and cell respiration words – manila folders • Organize the words of the light reactions and calvin cycle – white envelopes • We will take a group quiz at the end of class – groups of 3

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