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U.S. Department of Energy – Developing a Net Zero Energy Home for All Americans

U.S. Department of Energy – Developing a Net Zero Energy Home for All Americans. University of Nebraska – August 6, 2009 Edward Pollock. Importance of Buildings Sector. 39% of U.S. Carbon Emissions. 40% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption. Buildings 630 MMTC (39%).

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U.S. Department of Energy – Developing a Net Zero Energy Home for All Americans

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  1. U.S. Department of Energy – Developing a Net Zero Energy Home for All Americans University of Nebraska – August 6, 2009 Edward Pollock

  2. Importance of Buildings Sector 39% of U.S. Carbon Emissions 40% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption Buildings 630 MMTC (39%) Industry & Transportation 992 MMTC (61%) 72% of U.S. Electricity Total U.S. Energy Consumption 55% of U.S. Natural Gas

  3. Building Technologies Mission Develop technologies, tools, and standards for making residential and commercial buildings and appliances more energy-efficient, productive, and affordable.

  4. Building America – Residential Research What is Building America? Building America is a public/private partnership focused on systems-based R&D, technology implementation, and cost-shared technical support sponsored* by the US Department of Energy with the goal of developing marketable designs for homes that produce as much energy as they use. * All building construction and material costs are provided as cost share by industry partners

  5. Zero Energy Home Goals Key Near Term Performance Indicators CO2 Emissions Reduction Critical Peak Demand Incremental Home Operating Cost Reduction in HVAC Capacity

  6. Neutral Cost Goal: Increased Costs are Directly Offset by Utility Bill Savings “Least Cost” Curve, Using Current Best Available Systems Minimum Cost Point Neutral Cost Line All Energy Related Costs, $ ZEH Systems Research Cost/Performance Target Incremental, Energy Related Mortgage & Replacement Costs 50% Source Energy Savings Reference Building Christensen, C.; Anderson, R.; Horowitz, S.; Courtney, A.; Spencer, J. (2006). BEopt(TM) Software for Building Energy Optimization: Features and Capabilities. 21 pp.; NREL Report No. TP-550-39929.

  7. Building America Research Goals Goal of Zero Energy Home by 2020. Increase funding to enable simultaneous research in all five climate zones. Target (Energy Savings) by Climate Zones

  8. Component Gaps and Needs Durable high R wall systems, including very efficient windows Very high performance heating and air conditioning systems with tight ducts in conditioned space More efficient lighting technologies, including solid state lighting More efficient domestic hot water systems, such as solar hot water systems and heat pump water heaters Technologies for reducing miscellaneous electric energy use

  9. Community-Scale CHP Integrated Desiccant/ Indirect Evap Exchanger (DEvap) Community Scale Seasonal Storage Efficient Clothes Dryer Switchable Wall Coatings High High R Windows Solar Assisted Heat Pumps (heating, hot water) Attic Integrated Night Sky Radiative Cooling EC Windows Residential DC Power System ZEH Risk Low Cost Cold Climate SDHW Small, High Efficiency Condensing Combo Hot Water/Space Heating System Low Loss Hot Water Distribution Cool Attics Ductless Mini-splits Next Gen Storage/ Individual House Low Cold Climate Air Source Heat Pump MELS Control/Residential Energy Management System Residential Ice Storage Battery Storage Low Cost Ground Source HP AC with Dehumidification Mode High SEER AC/HP Building Integrated Thermal Storage Small Volume ZEH Air Handler Hot Water Heat Recovery Low High ZEH Benefit Equipment and Components R&D is Required to Meet Needs of Zero Energy Homes 9

  10. Residential Integration System Research Process Stage 1: System Performance Evaluations Go/ No-Go Reject No-Go / Go Reject Development of Advanced Components (BT Emerging Technologies, Manufacturers, Other EERE Offices) Stage 2: Prototype House Evaluations Reject No-Go / Go Stage 3: Initial Community-Scale Evaluations (Joule) ZEH Technology Pathways Analysis Reject No-Go / Go Final Evaluations In Occupied Homes Go/ No-Go Reject Documentation and Resource Development Products Handoff for Deployment by: DOE Communications, Energy Star, PATH, NASULGC, NASEO, SEP, ASSERTI, EEBA, Universities, Community Colleges, NAHB Bldg Sys Council, & other organizations

  11. Building America Research Results • 6 teams • Over 40,000 homes built to date (Best Practices series and case studies)

  12. Existing Homes • Over 50,000 homes’ energy performance improved since 2003 – 20% – 40% or more • Programs in 25+ states • Utilities and state energy offices sponsoring • Over 20 states considering using ARRA funds to support activities, even more cities 12

  13. How can we increase the volume of retrofits? 14

  14. ELIMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL HPwES Program

  15. Good News, Bad News The good news: With today’s best technologies and practices, new homes can be at least 30% more efficient than code at no additional cost to owners The better news: Technology advances will enable cost-neutral, net-zero energy homes by 2020 (at least 60% more efficient than code; balance of energy from onsite renewables) The bad news: Few homes are being built to these performance levels because of lack of consumer awareness/market pull, and unrealistic perceived increases in first cost 16

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  17. What is the Builders Challenge? • The Builders Challenge recognizes energy leadership and enables excellence in homebuilding: • The EnergySmart Home Scale (E-Scale) provides an “MPG” display of superior energy performance • Quality Criteria ensures optimal occupant health, safety, and comfort with increase building durability • Technical resources increase skills for high-performance, high-quality homes • Marketing tools and resources help gain recognition for excellence 18 18

  18. EnergySmart Home Scale The E-Scale: A market-tested method to measure and communicate energy performance in homes. 19

  19. Builders Challenge qualified homes may use a special E-Scale with the Building America/Builders Challenge logo and “meets the Builders Challenge” banner. EnergySmart Home Scale

  20. Key Elements Clear way to measure, verify, and convey home energy performance Transparent process for builders of all sizes, in all regions, to join the Challenge and be active Abundant technical and marketing resources enabling builders to use “best practices” from Building America R&D Strong partnerships with associations, NGOs, states, brokers, and researchers Increased consumer outreach to drive demand 21

  21. Technical and Marketing Resources www.buildingamerica.gov 22

  22. Builders Challenge Accomplishments Almost 1700 homes labeled from 97 builders in ~ 1 year Participation of both small and national builders Over $1.5 million per year in energy cost savings (based on HERS software calculations) Average HERS 63 5 NZEH or better from 4 builders

  23. Net Zero and Beyond • Five homes have been labeled under the Builders Challenge with HERS Indices ≤ 0. • Three of these homes have been HERS negative (net producers) • These homes are able to use the E-scale to establish their homes as the best energy performers on the market.

  24. Builders Challenge Homes Reach Net Zero in a Variety Of Ways Price Range Homes have been priced as high end custom homes as well as affordable homes Climate These homes have achieved net zero energy in both heating and cooling climates Energy Source NZEH homes have been a mix of all electric and gas/electric homes, all with on-site generation. Builders Challenge Homes Size Homes have ranged from 1200 to 4500 square feet of conditioned Space Builder Background Professional custom and production builders, as well as a university team have achieved NZEH.

  25. Artistic Homes Albuquerque, New Mexico NZEH Examples • Offer net zero energy guarantee • The ZEH upgrade sells for $42,500 to $61,900 depending on square footage • A 1400 SF home with the complete zero energy package starts at $207k

  26. NZEH Specifications – Artistic Homes • 1,666 SF of conditioned space • Envelope: • R-21 blown insulation in walls • R-50 blown attic insulation • Advanced framing • Low-E, dual pane windows • Air sealing with spray foam & gaskets • HVAC • 15 SEER, 9 HSPF Heat Pump • Energy recovery ventilator (ERV) • Jump ducts for pressure balancing • Ducts in conditioned space • Renewables • 4.2 to 7 kW of PV (depending on home size) • Solar thermal hot water • Other • LEED Platinum • Energy Star Indoor Air Quality Certification • Sold at an affordable price point

  27. NZEH Example – Yavapai College 1,207 SF of conditioned space High efficiency thermal envelope Energy Star appliances and lighting Solar light tube Solar water heater PV on-site generation Worked with Habitat for Humanity

  28. NZEH Example John Wesley Miller 2,457 SF of conditioned space High efficiency thermal envelope Air sealing Solar hot water collector Tankless hot water heater PV

  29. Raising the Bar Builders Challenge NZEH homes push competitors toward zero Encourage builders to adopt the E-scale and Builders Challenge Encourage Challenge Builders to lower their scores Shows builders and consumers it’s within reach!

  30. Contact Information Building America Web Site: www.buildingamerica.gov Builders Challenge Website: www.buildingamerica.gov/challenge Questions? Edward Pollock202-586-5778 Edward.Pollock@hq.doe.gov Builders Challenge 301-889-0017 builderschallenge@newportpartnersllc.com 31

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