1 / 10

Water & Solutions

Water & Solutions. Water (H 2 O) 2 hydrogen atom 1 oxygen atoms Covalent bond Essential to all forms of life 70% of the human body ( by weight ) Covers ¾ of the Earth Multiple uses Drinking Cleaning, bathing, etc. Water & Solutions. Properties of Water Acts as a solvent

glenna
Download Presentation

Water & Solutions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Water & Solutions • Water (H2O) • 2 hydrogen atom • 1oxygen atoms • Covalent bond • Essential to all forms of life • 70% of the human body (by weight) • Covers ¾ of the Earth • Multiple uses • Drinking • Cleaning, bathing, etc.

  2. Water & Solutions • Properties of Water • Acts as a solvent • The ability to dissolve molecules • Liquid phase has a greater density (g/cc) than in a solid phase • Ice floats • High specific heat (amount of heat/energy needed to raise 1g 1 degree C ) • Needs more energy to heat it • What is the application of this concept? • Hint: 3/4 of the earth is covered w/ water • High latent heat (heat absorbed/released by 1g to change phase) • Dissipate large amounts of heat and loose a small amount of water

  3. Water & Solutions

  4. Water & Solutions • Structure of the Water Molecule • 2 hydrogen atoms & 1 oxygen atom • Covalent bond or ionic bond ???????? • With water – the shared electrons spend more time with the O atoms. • Polar molecule forms • Water is a hydrogen bond - or - because of the special way in which the oxygen atom and hydrogen bond – water is a very unique substance with very unique characteristics – ie the shape of snowflakes

  5. Water & Solutions • Solvent – the component present in the larger amount. • Water • Solute – the component that is dissolves in the solvent. • Sugar

  6. Water & Solutions • Dissolving Process • Solution • Homogeneous mixture • Saturated & solubility (or what came first the chicken or the egg) • Solubility – the ability to dissolve something • The attraction between the molecules or ions of a solvent and solute determines solubility • “Remember to wash your hands” • Fig 11.5 – p. 280 • A chemical tug-of-war

  7. Water & Solutions • Concentration of Solutions • Concentrated vs diluted • The amount of solute in the solution • Concentration ratios • Parts per million (ppm) • Parts per billion (ppb) • Sea water – 35 parts / 1000 • How concentrated a solution is - is determined by the solutes solubility • A key factor of solubility is TEMPERATURE • Increase the temp – the greater the solubility • Sugar in your tea, coffee, or Kool-Aid

  8. Water & Solutions • The concept of saturation • The limit at which the solute will dissolve • Dissolving is still taking place – you just can not see it.

  9. Water & Solutions • Boiling & Freezing Point of Water • Boiling Point • 100 degrees C • 212 degrees F • Boiling, and the effect of atmospheric pressure • Two forces working against each other • Vapor pressure & atmospheric pressure (14.7 lbs / sq. in) • What is the principle behind a “pressure cooker”? • Freezing Point • 0 degrees C • 32 degrees F • “Fire up the salt trucks - winter is coming !!!!!”

  10. Water & Solutions • Acids & Bases • A function of the of the number of hydrogen atoms • Acid – able to donate a H ion • Base – able to accept a H ion • pH Scale • If pH < 7.0 Acid • If pH > 7.0 Base • “Red eyes”

More Related