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Boundless Lecture Slides

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  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. The Age of Cultural Reforms Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 1820–1860 The Second Great Awakening The Emergence of "American" Literature Educational Reforms ] Immigration Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. Conclusion: A Maturing Society Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 1820–1860(continued) ] Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  6. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... > The Age of Cultural Reforms The Age of Cultural Reforms • Movements and Reforms • Women's Rights • Abolitionists and the American Ideal • The Temperance Movement • Prisons and Asylums • Utopian Communities Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/religion-romanticism-and-cultural-reform-1820-1860-14/the-age-of-cultural-reforms-112/

  7. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... > The Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening • The Second Great Awakening • Unitarianism and Universalism • Women and Church Governance • Frontier Revivals • Charles Finney and the Burned-Over District • The Mormons Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/religion-romanticism-and-cultural-reform-1820-1860-14/the-second-great-awakening-113/

  8. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... > The Emergence of "American" Literature The Emergence of "American" Literature • The Emergence of "American" Literature • Romanticism in America • Newspapers Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/religion-romanticism-and-cultural-reform-1820-1860-14/the-emergence-of-american-literature-115/

  9. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... > Educational Reforms Educational Reforms • Educational Reforms • Early Public Schools • Higher Education Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/religion-romanticism-and-cultural-reform-1820-1860-14/educational-reforms-116/

  10. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... > Immigration Immigration • Immigration to the United States • Irish Immigration • German Immigration • Nativism • Immigrant Labor Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/religion-romanticism-and-cultural-reform-1820-1860-14/immigration-118/

  11. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... > Conclusion: A Maturing Society Conclusion: A Maturing Society • Conclusion: A Maturing Society Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/religion-romanticism-and-cultural-reform-1820-1860-14/conclusion-a-maturing-society-1399/

  12. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  13. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Key terms • abolitionismIn western Europe and the Americas, a historical movement to end the African and Indian slave trade and to set slaves free. • abstinenceThe practice of restraining oneself from engaging or indulging in something, such as intoxicating/alcoholic beverages. • American PartyA political party active in Connecticut in the early nineteenth century. • American RomanticismAn artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the eighteenth century; in most areas it was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1840. • antebellum reformSocietal changes undertaken by American Christians in the late 1800s, including in the temperance, women's-rights, and abolitionism movements. • ArminianOf or relating to the religious philosophy founded by the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius. • Auburn systemA penal method of the nineteenth century in which prisoners worked during the day in groups and were kept in solitary confinement at night, with enforced silence at all times. • BaptistOf or relating to a Protestant denomination of Christianity, which believes in the baptism of believers as opposed to the baptism of infants. • brewingThe production of alcoholic beverages, such as beer, by fermentation. • burned-over districtThe religious scene in the western and central regions of New York in the early 1800s, where religious revivals and Pentecostal movements of the Second Great Awakening took place. • CalvinismThe Christian denomination that places emphasis on the sovereignty of God and distinctively includes the doctrine of predestination (which asserts that a special few are predetermined for salvation, while others cannot attain it). • CalvinismThe Christian denomination which places emphasis on the sovereignty of God and distinctively includes the doctrine of predestination (that a special few are predetermined for salvation, while others cannot attain it). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  14. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... • camp meetingsA form of Protestant Christian religious service, originating in Britain and once common in some parts of the United States, which involved people traveling from a large area to a particular site to listen to itinerant preachers and pray. • common school movementThe educational effort associated with schools that were meant to serve individuals of all social classes and religions. • common school movementA public educational effort in the United States or Canada in the nineteenth century, with the aim of serving individuals of all social classes and religions. • Dorothea DixAn American activist who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the U.S. Congress, advocated on behalf of the mentally ill and created the first generation of mental asylums in the United States. • editorial pageA newspaper section on which the leading article (United Kingdom), or leader (United States), is an opinion piece written by the senior editorial staff or publisher of a newspaper or magazine. • Elizabeth Cady StantonAn American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's movement. • entrepreneurA person who organizes and operates a business venture and assumes much of the associated risk. • Frederick DouglassAn American social reformer, orator, writer, and statesman who, after escaping from slavery, became a leader of the abolitionist movement and gained notoriety for his dazzling oratory and incisive antislavery writing. • Horace MannAn American education reformer (May 4, 1796–August 2, 1859) who is credited with creating the common-school system. • industrializationA process of social and economic change whereby a human society is transformed through manufacturing and advances in technology, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. • infrastructureThe basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society. • infrastructureThe basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  15. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... • Know-NothingsA movement by the Nativist American political faction of the 1850s characterized by political xenophobia, anti-Catholic sentiment, and occasional bouts of violence against the groups members opposed. • LiberiaA country in western Africa established by citizens of the United States as a colony for former African-American slaves. • lyceumA public hall designed for lectures or concerts. • MethodistsA movement of Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations, claiming a total of approximately 70 million adherents worldwide; the movement traces its roots to John Wesley's evangelistic revival movement within Anglicanism. • monotheismThe belief in a single god (one God), especially within an organized religion. • nationalismThe idea of supporting one's country and culture. • Order of the Star Spangled BannerAn oath-bound secret society in New York City created in 1849 by Charles Allen to protest the rise of Irish, Roman Catholic, and German immigration into the United States. • parochial schoolA school associated with the parish of a church. • penny pressCheap, tabloid-style newspapers produced in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century. • polygamyThe marriage of a man to more than one wife, or the practice of having several wives at the same time. • potato famineA period of mass starvation, disease, and emigration in Ireland between 1845 and 1852. • Quorum of the TwelveOne of the governing bodies in the hierarchy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) made up of apostles with the calling to be prophets, seers, revelators, evangelical ambassadors, and special witnesses of Jesus Christ. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  16. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... • rationalismThe theory that the basis of knowledge is reason rather than experience or divine revelation. • rehabilitationA process of restoring to useful life, as through therapy and education, or of restoring to good condition, operation, or capacity. • repatriationThe process of returning a person to his or her country of origin or citizenship. • Restoration MovementA Christian development that began on the American frontier during the Second Great Awakening of the early nineteenth century. • school boardA governing body of people elected to oversee management of an educational district and to represent the interests of residents. • Second Great AwakeningA Christian revival movement during the early nineteenth century in the United States. • Second Great AwakeningA Christian revival movement during the early nineteenth century in the United States. • Second Great AwakeningA Christian revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States. • Seneca Falls ConventionAn early and influential meeting of women's-rights activists held in New York on July 19–20, 1848. • shakerOne of a Christian Protestant religious sect who do not marry, popularly so called because of the movements of the members in dancing, which forms a part of their worship. • spiritualismA philosophic doctrine opposing materialism that claims transcendency of the divine being, the altogether spiritual character of reality, and the value of inwardness of consciousness. • temperanceHabitual moderation in regard to the indulgence of the natural appetites and passions; restrained or moderate indulgence; specifically, moderation, and sometimes abstinence, in respect to using intoxicating liquors. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  17. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... • temperanceA social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. • transcendentalismA movement of writers and philosophers in New England in the nineteenth century whose members were loosely bound together by adherence to an idealistic system of thought based on the belief in the essential supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths. • transcendentalismA movement of writers and philosophers in New England in the nineteenth century whose members were loosely bound together by adherence to an idealistic system of thought based on the belief in the essential supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths. • transcendentalismA movement of writers and philosophers in New England in the 19th century who were loosely bound together by adherence to an idealistic system of thought based on the belief in the essential supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths. • UnitarianismA Christian theological movement, named for its understanding of God as one person, in direct contrast to the belief of God as three persons coexisting consubstantially as one in being. • UniversalismIn Christianity, the belief that all humans may be saved through Jesus Christ and eventually will come to harmony in God's kingdom. • unskilled laborOf a person or workforce: not having specific technical training. • unskilled laborOf a person or workforce: not having technical training. • upward social mobilityA change in an individual's social and economic status resulting in that person rising to a higher position in his or her status system. • utopiaAn ideal community or society possessing a perfect socio-politico-legal system. • William Lloyd GarrisonProminent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer (December 10, 1805–May 24, 1879). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  18. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... German population in America, 1872 This map shows the large number of German Americans in the United States and their concentration in the northern region of the country. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."german-population-1872.402x.jpeg."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:German_population_1872.jpgView on Boundless.com

  19. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Emigrants leaving Ireland Irish immigration begin in the mid-eighteenth century and intensified during the great potato famine of 1845–1849. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Emigrants Leave Ireland by Henry Doyle 1868."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emigrants_Leave_Ireland_by_Henry_Doyle_1868.jpgView on Boundless.com

  20. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Graph of total population of Ireland This graph shows the sharp decline in population in Ireland beginning in 1840. By 1855, almost 2 million Irish had emigrated. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."IrelandEuropePopulation1750."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IrelandEuropePopulation1750.PNGView on Boundless.com

  21. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Poster by the Houston and Texas Railroad advertising land for immigrants Many immigrants were attracted to the United States by the availability of cheap farmland. In particular, large numbers of German immigrants became farmers in the United States. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Houton Immigration Poster."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Houton_Immigration_Poster.jpgView on Boundless.com

  22. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Shakers The Shaker community of the nineteenth century was one of many groups established with a religious mission. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."CNX_History_13_02_Shaker.jpg."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.28:A_HpqbDQ@3/Antebellum-Communal-ExperimentView on Boundless.com

  23. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Elizabeth Cady Stanton, ca. 1880 Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an important early figure in the women's-suffrage movement in the mid-nineteenth century. Her "Declaration of Sentiments," presented at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, is often credited with initiating the first organized women's-suffrage movement in the United States. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Elizabeth Stanton."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Stanton.jpgView on Boundless.com

  24. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Lucy Stone, ca. 1840 Lucy Stone, the first American woman recorded to have retained her own name after marriage, was an important figure in the women's-rights movement of the nineteenth century and an organizer of the National Women's Rights Convention. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Sm lucy stone 3d02055r."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sm_lucy_stone_3d02055r.jpgView on Boundless.com

  25. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Slavery abuses Abolitionists used evidence such as the scars on the back of this former slave named Peter to speak eloquently about the abuses of slavery. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Cicatrices de flagellation sur un esclave."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cicatrices_de_flagellation_sur_un_esclave.jpgView on Boundless.com

  26. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Rev. Joseph Stevens Buckminster, influential Unitarian preacher Joseph Buckminster's preaching and texts greatly influenced American Unitarian thought. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Joseph Stevens Buckminster by Gilbert Stuart circa 1810."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_Stevens_Buckminster_by_Gilbert_Stuart_circa_1810.jpgView on Boundless.com

  27. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Lorenzo Dow, American itinerant preacher The Second Great Awakening included large revivals, which were passionate meetings led by evangelist preachers such as the eccentric Lorenzo Dow. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Lorenzo Dow."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lorenzo_Dow.jpgView on Boundless.com

  28. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... The Brattle Street Church in Boston, ca. 1859 Boston was the center of Unitarian activity in America, and the Brattle Street Church was a prominent Unitarian venue. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."1859 BrattleSqChurch byJJHawes Boston."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1859_BrattleSqChurch_byJJHawes_Boston.pngView on Boundless.com

  29. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Charles Grandison Finney, evangelist preacher During the Second Great Awakening, progressively minded western evangelists, led by Charles Finney, challenged the establishment's restrictions on women's participation in the church. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Charles g finney."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_g_finney.jpgView on Boundless.com

  30. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Methodist camp meeting Camp meetings were multi-day affairs with multiple preachers, often attracting thousands of worshippers. They were an integral part of the frontier expansion of the Second Great Awakening. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."1839-meth."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1839-meth.jpgView on Boundless.com

  31. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Excerpt from the New England Primer of 1690 Prior to nineteenth-century reform, education was often the province of sectarian religious institutions, as evidenced in the religious bent of this popular textbook. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Ne-primer."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ne-primer.jpgView on Boundless.com

  32. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Shaker dancing Music and dance were important parts of Shaker community worship. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Shakers Dancing."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shakers_Dancing.jpgView on Boundless.com

  33. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Chinese gold miners in California One impetus for immigration was the gold rush of 1849, which brought to California thousands of immigrants from Latin America, China, Australia, and Europe. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Chinese Gold Miners b."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_Gold_Miners_b.jpgView on Boundless.com

  34. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Joseph Smith, Jr. Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, which gave rise to Mormonism. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Joseph Smith, Jr. portrait owned by Joseph Smith III."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_Smith,_Jr._portrait_owned_by_Joseph_Smith_III.jpgView on Boundless.com

  35. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Dorothea Dix Dorothea Dix was a crusader for the rights of the mentally ill and worked to improve conditions in asylums. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Dix-Dorothea-LOC."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dix-Dorothea-LOC.jpgView on Boundless.com

  36. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Lyman Beecher, ca. 1855 Lyman Beecher was a charismatic and influential preacher during the first half of the nineteenth century who championed, among other moral reforms, the temperance movement. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Lyman Beecher - Brady-Handy."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lyman_Beecher_-_Brady-Handy.jpgView on Boundless.com

  37. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803–April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-nineteenth century. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Ralph Waldo Emerson ca1857 retouched."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ralph_Waldo_Emerson_ca1857_retouched.jpgView on Boundless.com

  38. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Map of the "Burned-Over District" The "Burned-Over District" of upstate New York, covering an area from approximately Buffalo to the eastern shores of Lake Erie. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Burned over district."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Burned_over_district.svgView on Boundless.com

  39. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Washington Irving, American Writer and Historian Washington Irving's writings, such as the Legends of Rip Van Winkle and Sleepy Hollow, contained romantic elements such as the celebration of nature and romantic virtues such as simplicity. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Irving-Washington-LOC."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Irving-Washington-LOC.jpgView on Boundless.com

  40. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... James Fenimore Cooper, American novelist and political writer In his popular novels, such as Last of the Mohicans, James Fenimore Cooper expressed romantic ideals about the relationship between men and nature. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."James Fenimore Cooper by Jarvis."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Fenimore_Cooper_by_Jarvis.jpgView on Boundless.com

  41. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Kansas State University, 1878 Kansas State University was the first college funded by land grants under the Morrill Act of 1862. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Kansas State University 1878."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kansas_State_University_1878.jpgView on Boundless.com

  42. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... The Know-Nothings The Know-Nothing Party's platform included the repeal of all naturalization laws and a prohibition against immigrants holding public office. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com USHistory."00034229.jpg."CC BY 3.0http://www.ushistory.org/us/25f.aspView on Boundless.com

  43. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... The McGuffey Reader With 120 million copies sold since 1836, McGuffey Readers taught many American children to read. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Cover of McGuffey's First Eclectic Reader."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cover_of_McGuffey's_First_Eclectic_Reader.jpegView on Boundless.com

  44. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Nathaniel Hawthorne, American novelist Hawthorne was among the foremost American writers of the era, achieving critical and popular success with novels such as The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Nathaniel Hawthorne by Brady, 1860-65."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nathaniel_Hawthorne_by_Brady,_1860-65.jpgView on Boundless.com

  45. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Walt Whitman, American poet and essayist Walt Whitman was a highly influential American writer. His American epic, Leaves of Grass, celebrates the common person. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Walt Whitman edit 2."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Walt_Whitman_edit_2.jpgView on Boundless.com

  46. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... November 16, 1864 edition of the New York Tribune Some penny papers were closely associated with political parties; the New York Tribune backed the Whigs and later the Republicans. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Nytrib1864."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nytrib1864.jpgView on Boundless.com

  47. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... The newspaper, The New York Sun Benjamin Day's newspaper, The New York Sun. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."NewYorkSun1834LR."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NewYorkSun1834LR.jpgView on Boundless.com

  48. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Horace Mann, American educational reformer Horace Mann was an influential reformer of education, responsible for the introduction of common schools—non-sectarian public schools open to children of all backgrounds—in America. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Horace Mann - Daguerreotype by Southworth & Hawes, c1850."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Horace_Mann_-_Daguerreotype_by_Southworth_&_Hawes,_c1850.jpgView on Boundless.com

  49. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... Attribution • Wikipedia."Romanticism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism%23Influence_of_European_Romanticism_on_American_writers • Wiktionary."Calvinism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Calvinism • Wiktionary."transcendentalism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transcendentalism • Open Stax."An Awakening of Religion and Individualism."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.22:33jG9Ok9@3/An-Awakening-of-Religion-and-I • Wiktionary."rationalism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rationalism • Wikipedia."Common school."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_school%23Common_school_era • Wikipedia."Horace Mann."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace%20Mann • Wikipedia."Horace Mann."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Mann%23Education_reform • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//u-s-history/definition/common-school-movement • Wiktionary."school board."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/school_board • Wikipedia."Second Great Awakening."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening • Wiktionary."Arminian."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Arminian • Wikipedia."Methodists."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodists • Wiktionary."baptist."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baptist • Open Stax."An Awakening of Religion and Individualism."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.22:33jG9Ok9@3/An-Awakening-of-Religion-and-I • Wikipedia."antebellum reform."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/antebellum%20reform • Wikipedia."Second Great Awakening."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening%23Political_implications Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  50. Religion, Romanticism, and Cultural Reform: 182... • Wiktionary."brewing."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brewing • Wikipedia."German American."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_American%2319th_century • Wikipedia."German American."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_American%2319th_century • Wiktionary."entrepreneur."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/entrepreneur • Wikipedia."Second Great Awakening."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Great%20Awakening • Wikipedia."History of the United States (1789–1849)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931849)%23Utopians • Wikipedia."utopia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/utopia • Open Stax."Antebellum Communal Experiments."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.22:A_HpqbDQ@3/Antebellum-Communal-Experiment • Wiktionary."Calvinist."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Calvinist • Wikipedia."Second Great Awakening."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Great%20Awakening • Wikipedia."camp meetings."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/camp%20meetings • Wikipedia."Second Great Awakening."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening%23Frontier • Wikipedia."Restoration Movement."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration%20Movement • Wikipedia."Oneida Society."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneida%20Society • Wikipedia."Burned-over district."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burned-over_district • Wiktionary."shaker."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shaker • Wiktionary."spiritualism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spiritualism • Open Stax."The Awakening of Religion and Individualism."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.22:33jG9Ok9@3/An-Awakening-of-Religion-and-I • Wikipedia."American Romanticism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Romanticism Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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