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Chapter 9

Chapter 9. Comparing Kinds of Matter. Lesson 1 Properties of Matter. Mass-the amount of matter in an object; measured on a pan balance; measured in kilograms or grams. Weight-how strongly gravity pulls on an object; measured in pounds.

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Chapter 9

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  1. Chapter 9 Comparing Kinds of Matter

  2. Lesson 1 Properties of Matter • Mass-the amount of matter in an object; measured on a pan balance; measured in kilograms or grams. • Weight-how strongly gravity pulls on an object; measured in pounds. • Volume-measures how much space matter takes up; a marble’s volume makes the water level rise when you place it in a graduated cylinder.

  3. Lesson 1 continued… • Matter-anything that has mass and volume • Density-the amount of mass for each mL (or cm³) of a substance; as you add more marbles to a large box, you are increasing the box’s density Density=mass/volume • If a material is dense, matter is packed closely together.

  4. Lesson 1 continued… Buoyancy- the resistance to sinking • Depends on density • If you change the mass or volume of an object, you can change whether or not it will float • If you have a toy boat and keep adding mass to it, it will sink Think of a buoy in the water!

  5. Lesson 2 Elements • Element-a material that cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical reactions. • 3 important properties of elements • State of matter at room temperature • The way they combine with other elements • Whether they are metals, nonmetals, or metalloids • Most elements are solid at room temperature • Metals-elements that share common properties like shiny luster, conductivity, and flexibility Wood is not a good conductor of electricity, but copper is! See the shiny luster!

  6. Lesson 2 continued Look at the variety of colors! Each color represents solids, liquids, or gases (metals, non-metals, or metalloids). To See an up close version p. 494 in your textbook has a great example!

  7. Lesson 2 continued… • Atom- the smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties of that element. • Nucleus-the hard core/center of an atom; made up of protons and neutrons.

  8. Lesson 2 continued… • Proton- a particle with one unit positive charge; the number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number and determines which element it is. • Neutron- a particle with no electric charge; it is neutral • Electron- smaller particle with one unit of negative electric charge each; electrons move around in the space outside the nucleus.

  9. Lesson 2 continued… • Molecule- particle with more than one atom joined together. • Elements are grouped together by their properties in the periodic table • On Earth, the most common elements by far are hydrogen and helium Helium

  10. Lesson 3 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids • Malleability- the ability to be bent, flattened, or hammered without breaking • Ductility- the ability to be pulled into thin wires without breaking. Gold is both malleable and ductile. Copper is often drawn into wires for conducting electricity.

  11. Lesson 3 continued… • Corrosion-when metals combine with nonmetals from the environment. Iron “corrodes” by rusting, which causes the corroded iron to flake away.

  12. Lesson 3 continued… • One of the most resourceful metals we use today is aluminum: • Often used in mirrors because it is inexpensive and can be polished to be reflective. • Aluminum foil wrapped around food will trap heat inside by reflecting it. • Can be used to conduct energy cheaply; it is used in electrical wiring, water heaters, and radiators. • Easily coated with a thin layer of oxygen to help prevent corrosion.

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