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A Multi-Agent System for Visualization Simulated User Behaviour. B. de Vries, J. Dijkstra. Agenda. VR-DIS research programme: B. de Vries AI for visualization of human behavior: J. Dijkstra. VR Technology in (Architectural) Design. Traditional process and use Envisioned process and use.
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A Multi-Agent System for Visualization Simulated User Behaviour B. de Vries, J. Dijkstra
Agenda VR-DIS research programme: B. de Vries AI for visualization of human behavior: J. Dijkstra
VR Technology in (Architectural) Design • Traditional process and use • Envisioned process and use
Traditional process: Sketch • Paper & Pencil • Reflection on Thoughts • Vague
Traditional process: Design • 2D/3D Modeling • Material use • Consultancy: Installation, Construction, etc.
Traditional process: Presentation • Convey design • Impression of building
Envisioned process: 3D Modeling • Direct manipulation • Implicit relations • Sculpturing
Envisioned process: Scene Painting • Realistic images • No construction material
Envisioned process: Evaluation • Indoor climate • Lighting • Structural behavior • Acoustics • User behavior
Towards a Multi-Agent System for Visualizing Simulated User Behavior
Architects and urban planners are often faced with the problem to assess how their design or planning decisions will affect the behavior of individuals. • One way of addressing this problem is the use of models simulating the navigation of users in buildings and urban environments. A Multi-Agent System based on Cellular Automata
Cellular automata are discrete dynamical systems whose behavior is completely specified in terms of a local relation Cellular automata are characterized by the following features: • Grid • Time • Cell • State
Agent Definitions Agents are computational systems that inhibit some complex dynamic environment, sense and act autonomously in this environment, and by doing so realize a set of goals or tasks for which they are designed (Maes). An autonomous agent is a system situated within and part of an environment that senses that environment and acts on it, over time, in pursuit of its own agenda (Franklin & Graesser).
Agent Properties • Autonomy - agents have some control over their actions and internal state • Social ability - agents interact with other agents • Reactivity - agents perceive their environment and respond to changes in it • Pro-activeness - agents exhibit goal-directed behavior by acting on their own initiative • ? Mentalistic capabilities - knowledge, belief, intention, emotion
Agent Architecture State Perception Action Sensors Effectors Production System
Offers the promise of simulating autonomous agents and the interaction between them. behaviors evolve dynamically during the simulation • Evolution capabilities: • evolution of the agent’s environment • evolution of the agent’s behavior during the simulation • anticipated behavior • unplanned behavior
Artificial Intelligence Cellular Automata Distributed Artificial Intelligence Multi Agent Simulation Models
Motivation • Develop a system how people move in a particular environment. • People are represented by agents. • The cellular automata model is used to simulate their behavior across the network. • A simulation system would allow the designer to assess how its design decisions influence user movement and hence performance indicators.
Network Model The network is the three-dimensional cellular automata model representation of a state at a certain time.
User Agent Define an user-agent as: U = < R | S >, where: • R is finite set of role identifiers; {actor, subject} • Sscenario , defined by: S = <B, I, A, F, T>, where: • B represents the behavior of user-agent i • I represents the intentions of a user-agent i • A represents the activity agenda user user-agent i • F represents the knowledge of information about the environment, called Facets • T represents the time-budget each user-agent possesses
The Integration of Cellular Automata and Multi Agent Technology Initially, we will realize different graphic representations of our simulation: • a network-based view • a main node-based view • an actor-based view
Simulation Experiment Design of a simulation experiment of pedestrian movement. Considering a T-junction walkway where pedestrians will be randomly created at one of the entrances. Some impressions ...
Complex behavior can be simulated by using the concept of cellular automata in the context of multi-agent technology. • The development of multi-agent models offers the promise of simulating autonomous individuals. • A multi-agent model can be used for visualizing simulated user behavior to support the assignment of design performance. • The proposed concept potentially has a lot to offer in architecture and urban planning when visual and active environments may impact user behavior and decision-making processes.