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Background Concentrations of Metals in Inland and Coastal Waters: Report of AMPS Expert Meeting

This report provides information on the background concentrations of metals in inland and coastal waters, as discussed during the AMPS expert meeting. It includes proposed default values, methodologies for setting local values, and a risk characterisation approach.

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Background Concentrations of Metals in Inland and Coastal Waters: Report of AMPS Expert Meeting

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  1. Report of the AMPS expert meeting Background concentrations of metals in inland and coastal waters in Ispra (I) on 11-12 March 2004 Jeroen Vanhooren (BE), Jaakko Mannio (FI), Marina Camusso, Nicola Pacini (IT), Fernanda Rocha (PT), Katrien Delbeke (European Copper Inst.), John Batty, Graham Merrington (UK), Steven Eisenreich, Eddo Hoekstra, Lutgart van Nevel (EC JRC)

  2. Definition background concentration "The (default) background concentration of target metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Hg) in the aquatic ecosystems of a river basin, river sub-basin or river basin management area is that concentration in the present or past corresponding to very low anthropogenic pressure." AMPS 5 – Ispra, 31 Mar - 01 Apr 2004

  3. Added Risk Approach for metals • EQS = BRC+ MPA • BRC = background reference concentration • MPA = maximum concentration of metal that may be added to the BRC without adversely affecting the ecosystem. • MPA is normally the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) • Option 1 Adopt the default (values for) BRC as specified • Option 2 Select a local (value for the) background concentration applying a suitable methodology • Example methodologies in annex to the legal act. • MS may apply alternate and suitable methods • MS should notify EC of the alternate locally-derived BRC selected and justification ==> Comitology procedure. AMPS 5 – Ispra, 31 Mar - 01 Apr 2004

  4. Why adopt default BRC values? • Simple and transparent • Less effort and cost expended on the evaluation and setting of BRCs for some MS • in many river basins under low anthropogenic pressure • Methods to estimate water BRC values are time consuming • Offering option of alternative approaches to MS for estimating background concentrations • Selection of a higher BRC due to local geology, historical mining, etc. • Selection of a lower BRC for more sensitive areas (i.e. low hardness, low DOC and low pH) if desired AMPS 5 – Ispra, 31 Mar - 01 Apr 2004

  5. Information to derive default BRC values • Questionnaire to MSs + International Conventions • BRCs defined by Gemany and The Netherlands in legislation • BRCs defined in EU Risk Assessment Reports • Data available from pristine/reference areas as defined by MS • FOREGS data set on stream water • Forum of European Geochemical Surveys • to establish the European geo-chemical baseline concentrations • largest EU wide data set (n = 808) • Global Terrestrial Network cell (160*160 km2) • standardised sampling method • samples treated and analysed by one laboratory AMPS 5 – Ispra, 31 Mar - 01 Apr 2004

  6. Cd geological baseline concentrations FOREGS 2004 AMPS 5 – Ispra, 31 Mar - 01 Apr 2004

  7. Ni geological baseline concentrations FOREGS 2004 AMPS 5 – Ispra, 31 Mar - 01 Apr 2004

  8. Pb geological baseline concentrations FOREGS 2004 AMPS 5 – Ispra, 31 Mar - 01 Apr 2004

  9. Proposed default BRCs for inland waters mg/L BRC MPA EQS Comment Cd 0.05 0.08 0.13 EC Risk Assessment Report 0.05 0.15 0.20 Also ~80th percentile FOREGS data 0.05 0.25 0.30 Hg 0.010 0.036 0.046 based on limited data Ni 4.0 1.3 5.3 ~80th percentile FOREGS data 1.9 1.3 3.2 50th percentile FOREGS data Pb 0.30 0.40 0.70 ~80th percentile FOREGS data 0.093 0.40 0.49 50th percentile FOREGS data AMPS 5 – Ispra, 31 Mar - 01 Apr 2004

  10. Proposed default BRCs for coastal waters mg/L AO CS NNS SNS BS BRC BRC BRC BRC BRC MPA EQS Cd 0.005 0.004 0.008 0.009 0.010.21 0.21 0.025 0.012 0.025 0.012 0.02 0.24 Hg 0.0001 0.0002 0.001 0.036 0.036 0.0004 0.0005 0.008 0.044 Ni 0.16 0.12 0.20 0.18 1.0 1.1 0.25 0.16 0.25 0.26 1.3 Pb 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.01 0.40 0.40 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.017 0.03 0.43 OSPAR/HELCOM Note: OSPAR is assessing the BRCs AMPS 5 – Ispra, 31 Mar - 01 Apr 2004

  11. Methodologies for setting local BRC • Concentration in pristine • sediment concentration profile • sediment enrichment factors • element ratios • isotopic composition • geo-chemical validation • Concentration in groundwater (shallow/deep) • Derivation from temporal or spatial data sets • Partitioning with sediments or suspended particulate matter • Geo-chemical models • Submissions relating to mining activity • Expert Judgement, e.g. OSPAR, HELCOM, ICPR, ICPRD AMPS 5 – Ispra, 31 Mar - 01 Apr 2004

  12. Risk characterisation approach toBRC values • Risk: PECregional/PNEC > 1 (TGD) • Approach check BRC/MPA • BRC/MPA < PECreg/PNEC • Cd and Hg - OK • For Ni and Pb BRC/MPA > 1 ==> Default BRC values for Ni and Pb may be too high • Not correct for substances having a natural background • PNEC is determined using non-adapted organisms • ARA ==> Risk: PECreg/(BRC + PNEC) > 1 • If BRC/[BRC + MPA] then Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg are OK AMPS 5 – Ispra, 31 Mar - 01 Apr 2004

  13. After meeting with detailed FOREGS data BRC MPA EQS Comment Cd 0.05 0.08 0.13 EC Risk Assessment Report 0.05 0.15 0.20 0.05 0.25 0.30 0.053 90th percentile FOREGS data 0.026 80th percentile FOREGS data Hg 0.010 0.036 0.046 limited amount of data Ni 4.7 1.3 6.0 90th percentile FOREGS data 3.4 1.3 4.7 80th percentile FOREGS data 1.9 1.3 3.2 50th percentile FOREGS data Pb 0.43 0.40 0.83 90th percentile FOREGS data 0.28 0.40 0.68 80th percentile FOREGS data 0.093 0.40 0.49 50th percentile FOREGS data AMPS 5 – Ispra, 31 Mar - 01 Apr 2004

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