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What is it? Plant, Animal, Fungus? Is it alive?

What is it? Plant, Animal, Fungus? Is it alive?. Porifera. aka SPONGES Latin: “ Porus ”. 600 million years ago. 4 Main Characteristics. They are filter feeders They have a unique cell called the collar cell They have NO organs Have an internal meshwork of crystals and fibers.

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What is it? Plant, Animal, Fungus? Is it alive?

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  1. What is it? Plant, Animal, Fungus? Is it alive?

  2. Porifera aka SPONGES Latin: “Porus”

  3. 600 million years ago

  4. 4 Main Characteristics • They are filter feeders • They have a unique cell called the collar cell • They have NO organs • Have an internal meshwork of crystals and fibers

  5. Collar cells (Choanocytes)

  6. Filter Feeders • Feed on bacteria in the water column • Create their own current • Capable of pumping as much as 1200 times their body volume in a single day

  7. Collar Cell(Choanocytes) • Line the interior • Create water flow • Filters nutrients http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=RmPTM965-1c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc&feature=related

  8. The Shape of Life Episode 1 Part 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhqtP69QeLo&feature=relmfu • The Shape of Life Episode 1 Part 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrf8tMB9wTY&feature=relmfu • The Shape of Life Episode 1 Part 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_A0TaEAokk&feature=relmfu Episode 1 part 5 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gXH46kIqhXY&list=PLE8E4E217C2355EF0 Episode 1 Part 6 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbCtRKUX8fU&list=PLE8E4E217C2355EF0

  9. The Sponge Family Tree • Choanoflagellates • Nearest evolutionary relative • These are similar to choanocytes

  10. Archeocyte Archeocyte

  11. No Organs • Two layers of cells • Body wall has lots of pores • Body has lots of channels lined with collar cells • Digestion is intracellular

  12. Internal meshwork • Provides support and protection • SPICULES are the spike structures in the body • Calcium carbonate (our bones) • Silicate (glass) • Spongin (elastic fibers)

  13. Sponges range in size and shape. • Up to 2 meters in dia. • Encrusting, boring, finger, tube, or vase shape

  14. Classification • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Porifera • Class Calcarea • Class Demospongiae • Class Hexactinellida

  15. Calcarea • Most primitive • Small • Temperate/tropical areas • Shallow water

  16. Demospongiae • 95% of all sponges • Bath sponges • Bright colors • All depths • Variety in body shape

  17. Hexactinellida“glass sponges” • Deep water >200m • Abundant in Antarctic • Rigid structure • Large central cavity

  18. The Venus Flower Basket Traditional Japanese wedding gift Tiny shrimp larvae will become trapped inside sponge spending the rest of their lives living in symbiosis with the sponge

  19. Defense: • Spicules • Sharp edges • Toxins • Competition from other sponges • Predation

  20. Who would eat a sponge? • assimilate sponge toxins into their own flesh after feeding on them

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