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Learn about drugs, including prescription, over-the-counter, and illegal substances. Explore how drugs enter the body and their potential dangers and effects. Understand addiction and safe use of medications.
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Lesson #1: What is a Drug? • A drug is substance other than food that changes how the body or mind functions. • * The amount of a drug taken at one time is called a dose.
5 Ways that Drugs Enter the body • Fastest * By Injection • * By Inhalation • * By Absorption • Slowest * By Mouth • * By Implantation
Prescription and Over the Counter Drugs • When used as intended and directed, these medications can promote health and prevent disease.
Prescription Drugs • A prescription is a written order from a licensed health professional, such as a doctor. • The drug is prescribed to fight or prevent a specific illness.
Guidelines for the safe use of Prescription drugs • Take the drug as directed • Follow the instructions on the label • Contact your physician if the drug does not produce the desired effect, or you experience new and unexplained symptoms.
Guidelines for the safe use of Prescription drugs-Safety • Keep all prescription drugs out of reach of children. • Do not share a prescribed drug with others. It is illegal! • Keep in original containers. • Dispose of medications properly.
Over the Counter Drugs • OCT Drugs are drugs purchased without a prescription • OCT drugs are taken to relieve signs or symptoms of an illness. • Follow the same safety guidelines as you would for using a prescription drug. • Do not purchase a drug if the tamper-resistant packaging is broken.
Lesson #1 Review • A drug purchased without a prescription is called a(n)___________________. • *A written order by a health professional for a drug is a(n) ___________________. • *The amount of a drug taken at one time is a(n)____________________.
Lesson #2 Illegal Drugs • A drug is an often illegal and sometimes addictive substance that causes changes in behavior and perception and is taken for it’s effects, but not for medical reasons.
Categories of Drugs • Depressants-Decrease Activity of the CNS • Alcohol • Tranquilizers • Barbiturates • Stimulants-Increase Activity of CNS • Nicotine • Tobacco • Methamphetamines • Cocaine • Caffeine
Categories of Drugs • Inhalants-Produce Unpredictable Effects • Whippets • Solvents • Paints • Sprays • Fuels • Hallucinogens-Distort Reality • Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) • Phencyclidine (PCP)
Date Rape Drugs • Date Rape Drugs are any drug that can affect judgment and behavior and can put a person at risk for unwanted or risky sexual activity. • Rohypnol- Felt within 30 mins/last 5-6 hours • Ketamine- Animal tranquilizer; causes memory problems • GHB- Felt in 15 mins/ lasts 3-4 hours • Alcohol
Date Rape Drugs • Side Effects • Nausea • Vomiting • Memory Loss • Confusion • Seizures • Convulsions • Coma • Death
Form of Date Rape Drugs • Rohypnol- • White pill that dissolves clear (newer ones turn drink bright blue) Pill may also be ground up. • GHB- • May come in a powder, liquid or pill. Odorless and colorless, with minimal taste. • Ketamine- • Comes as a liquid or a white powder.
How Date Rape Drugs are Used • Slipped into drinks at parties • Odorless, Colorless, Minimal Taste • Open drinks • More trusting when under the influence • Easier to take advantage of • Harder to detect who did it
Lesson #2: Illegal Drugs Review • What do stimulants do? • List 4 examples of stimulants: • What do depressants do? • List 3 examples of depressants: • Which is the most commonly abused depressant?
Lesson #2: Illegal Drugs Review • What do Hallucinogens do? • List 2 examples of hallucinogens • List 3 examples of Date Rape drugs: • Which is the most commonly used date rape drug:
Lesson #3: Marijuana-Salvia • A “GATEWAY” Drug • Classification depends on user- • Acts like a Hallucinogen in large doses • Also classified as a Narcotic • Could also be argued as a depressant (CNS)
How It Works… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsJzCdFlpyQ
Short Term Side Effects • Delayed reaction time • Decreased coordination • Increased amounts of phlegm • Burning/ stinging of throat • Impaired thinking • Increases heart rate • Increase blood pressure
Long Term Side Effects • Interference with reproductive hormones • Decrease sperm count and mobility • Adverse effects on memory and learning • Reduce intellectual level • Brain Damage • Increase risk for heart disease
Organs/Glands and Systems Effected • CNS • Immune System • Reproductive System • Endocrine System • Circulatory System • Pituitary Gland • Thyroid Gland • Stomach • Pancreas • Adrenal Glands • Testes
What is addiction?? • Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences. • * Benchmarks of addiction are withdrawal and tolerance.
What is tolerance? • MedicationTolerance. : Tolerance occurs when your body gets used to a medication so that either more medication is needed to give you the desired effect or a different medication is needed. • More of the drug is needed to get the same effect.
Is Marijuana Addictive??? • YES • People who use more than once a week are at significant risk for addiction • 56% of people being treated for this addiction began by age 14 • 92% began by age 18
Adolescent Addict • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mUcMrzXq_U
Who Is Most At Risk??? • Majority of marijuana addicts are… • Male 76% • White 57% • Under age of 20 years old 46%
Lesson #3: Marijuana-Salvia Review • *Marijuana is known as a _______________ drug • List 3 ways that marijuana can be classifies as: • Is Marijuana Addictive? • How are addiction and tolerance related??
Stimulants and Depresants • Stimulants:’ • Caffeine • Amphetamines (Crystal Meth) • Cocaine • Nicotine
Crystal-Meth • Stimulant (produced in a lab) • Version of Methamphetamine • When it is in its crystalline form • It may be • Ingested • Smoked • Snorted • Injected • Inserted into anus or urethra
Short Term Side Effects • Rapid/Irregular Heart Rate • Convulsions • Insomnia • Overdose (OD) • Coma • Death • Euphoria (false sense of well being) • Anxiety • Mood Swings • Panic • Hallucinations • Increased Blood Pressure
Long Term Side Effects • Brittle hair • HIV/AIDS by injection • Nerve damage • Mental problems • Stroke • Brain damage • Increased tolerance • Speech disturbances • Difficulty turning thoughts into words • Decreased resistance to illness and infection • Malnutrition • Acne-itchy skin sores
Crystal-Meth • Although many other drugs have many long/short term side effects, Crystal meth seems to be the best visual example
The Faces of Meth Courtesy of the Multnomah County Sheriff Dept. ~Oregon~
Meth Teeth YUCK!! • Symptoms • Dry Mouth • Tooth Decay • Cracked Teeth • Gum Disease http://www.mappsd.org/Meth%20Mouth%20Photo%20Gallery.htm http://www.stopmethaddiction.com/Meth_Teeth.htm
Cocaine Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug made from the leaves of the coca plant native to South America.
Cocaine’s Short-Term Effects • * extreme happiness and energy • mental alertness • * hypersensitivity to sight, sound, and touch • irritability • * paranoia—extreme and unreasonable distrust of others
What are the other health effects of cocaine use? • *constricted blood vessels • *dilated pupils • *nausea • *raised body temperature and blood pressure • *faster heartbeat • *tremors and muscle twitches • *restlessness • *
Long-Term Effects • Some long-term health effects of cocaine depend on the method of use and include the following: • snorting: loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, frequent runny nose, and problems with swallowing. • consuming by mouth: severe bowel decay from reduced blood flow. • needle injection: higher risk for contracting HIV, hepatitis C, and other bloodborne diseases.
Hallucinogens • Hallucinogens-Distort Reality • Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) • Phencyclidine (PCP) • Salvia is a hallucinogen…
Salvia • Hallucinogen • Very popular with high school and college students • Also known as • Magic Mint • Sally D • Can be • Smoked • Ingested • Chewed • Vaporized and Inhaled • Crushed and mixed into drinks
Side Effects of Salvia… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcSn0eLb9Vs
Short Term Side Effects • psychedelic-like changes in • visual perception • mood • body sensations • emotional swings • feelings of detachment • highly modified perception of external reality and the self, which leads to a decreased ability to interact with one's surroundings
Short Term Side Effects • Dizziness • Nausea • Lack of coordination • Slurred speech and awkward sentence patterns • Decreased heart rate • Chills
Long Term Side Effects • Unknown… • little scientific or medical data • What effect salvia may have on current user's health in the near or distant future is an issue to be concerned about.
Opiates • *Opiate definition: a drug containing opium or its derivatives, used in medicine for inducing sleep and relieving pain. • *Examples of opiates are :Heroine, morphine or codeine
Opioids Caution: Highly Addictive! • Opioid: 1. A synthetic narcotic that resembles the naturally occurring opiates. • 2. Any substance that binds to or otherwise affects the opiate receptors on the surface of the cell. • Examples: fentanyl ,oxycodone, hydrocodone
Relapse • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kySR-j-dqrU • Relapse is when someone who has stopped using a drug (abstinent from use) resumes use of the drug.