dairy farming. pastoral nomadism. plantation farming. swidden cultivation. wet-rice farming.

2. Complete the following analogy. Subsistence agriculture is to shifting cultivation as commercial agriculture is to: • dairy farming. • pastoral nomadism. • plantation farming. • swidden cultivation. • wet-rice farming.

3. Complete the following analogy. Subsistence agriculture is to shifting cultivation as commercial agriculture is to: • dairy farming. • pastoral nomadism. • plantation farming. • swidden cultivation. • wet-rice farming. Explanation: Dairy farming is one of six types of commercial agriculture found in MDCs.

4. Complete the following analogy. Subsistence agriculture is to labor intensive as commercial agriculture is to: • capital intensive. • driving intensive. • mentally intensive. • nature intensive. • worker intensive.

5. Complete the following analogy. Subsistence agriculture is to labor intensive as commercial agriculture is to: • capital intensive. • driving intensive. • mentally intensive. • nature intensive. • worker intensive. Explanation: Commercial agriculture relies on fewer workers and more machinery to produce food for market.

7. Shifting cultivation is most common: • in the interior region of Australia. • in more developed countries. • in humid continental climates. • in close proximity to large cities. • within 20 degrees latitude of the equator.

8. Shifting cultivation is most common: • in the interior region of Australia. • in more developed countries. • in humid continental climates. • in close proximity to large cities. • within 20 degrees latitude of the equator. Explanation: Proponents of shifting cultivation argue that it is the better-suited to the tropics than other forms of agriculture.

10. According to von Thünen, which of the following crops will be grown closest to a city? • butter • cheese • meat • milk • lumber

11. According to von Thünen, which of the following crops will be grown closest to a city? • butter • cheese • meat • milk • lumber Explanation: Because it spoils quickly, milk is more expensive to transport to market than the other crops in this list.

13. Which of the following is the longest fallow period? • Forest fallow • Bush fallow • Short fallow • Annual cropping • Multicropping

14. Which of the following is the longest fallow period? • Forest fallow • Bush fallow • Short fallow • Annual cropping • Multicropping Explanation: Boserup identified five stages in the intensification of farmland, each with a shorter fallow period.

15. Compared to other grains, wheat: • is of less economic importance. • cannot be stored as long. • grows less well in humid continental climates. • is grown almost exclusively in LDCs. • is the world’s leading export crop.

16. Compared to other grains, wheat: • is of less economic importance. • cannot be stored as long. • grows less well in humid continental climates. • is grown almost exclusively in LDCs. • is the world’s leading export crop. Explanation: The U.S. and Canada account for half of the world’s wheat exports.

18. Ranching has declined in the western United States primarily because • growing crops is a more profitable use of land. • infectious diseases have killed herds. • the federal government prohibits cattle on public land. • dietary and ethical concerns have lessened the appeal of meat. • widespread water shortages limit the number of animalsper acre.

19. Ranching has declined in the western United States primarily because • growing crops is a more profitable use of land. • infectious diseases have killed herds. • the federal government prohibits cattle on public land. • dietary and ethical concerns have lessened the appeal of meat. • widespread water shortages limit the number of animalsper acre. Explanation: Widespread irrigation and hardier varieties of crops have replaced cattle.

20. The most fundamental shared aspect of regions that practice Mediterranean agriculture is: • a longstanding tradition of wine production. • a willingness to experiment with new crops. • similar climate conditions. • close proximity to the Mediterranean Sea. • shared use of Romance languages.

21. The most fundamental shared aspect of regions that practice Mediterranean agriculture is: • a longstanding tradition of wine production. • a willingness to experiment with new crops. • similar climate conditions. • close proximity to the Mediterranean Sea. • shared use of Romance languages. Explanation: Generally located on the western shores of landmasses, prevailing winds and ocean currents provide moisture and moderate winters.

23. According to the von Thünen model, which of the following factors is least important to a farmer when deciding which crops to grow? • Distance to market • Transportation cost per kilometer • Yield per acre • Price per bushel • Nutritional value of the crop

24. According to the von Thünen model, which of the following factors is least important to a farmer when deciding which crops to grow? • Distance to market • Transportation cost per kilometer • Yield per acre • Price per bushel • Nutritional value of the crop Explanation: In choosing a crop, commercial farms consider both the value of a commodity and the cost of transporting it to market.

26. Which of the following areas is least affected by desertification? • North Africa • American Southwest • Central Australia • Central Europe • Southwestern Asia

27. Which of the following areas is least affected by desertification? • North Africa • American Southwest • Central Australia • Central Europe • Southwestern Asia Explanation: Semiarid land degradation is one of the factors that limits the amount of land available for agricultural expansion.

29. Which one of these crops was originally domesticated in the Western Hemisphere? • Coffee • Oats • Potatoes • Soybeans • Mangos

30. Which one of these crops was originally domesticated in the Western Hemisphere? • Coffee • Oats • Potatoes • Soybeans • Mangos Explanation: The other crops were brought to the Western Hemisphere from the Eastern Hemisphere.

32. Which of the following regions has the most undernourished people? • Sub-Saharan Africa • East Asia • South Asia • Southeast Asia • Latin America

33. Which of the following regions has the most undernourished people? • Sub-Saharan Africa • East Asia • South Asia • Southeast Asia • Latin America Explanation: India has a 1.2 billion people and not enough food to feed them all adequately.