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Managing the city of Bucharest TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

Managing the city of Bucharest TRENDS AND CHALLENGES. Sorin Ioniţă. Basic data. 1.95 million inhabitants in 2005 (9.5% of Romania’s total population; 17% of the urban population) 19% of Romania’s GDP in 2005

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Managing the city of Bucharest TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

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  1. Managing the city of BucharestTRENDS AND CHALLENGES Sorin Ioniţă

  2. Basic data • 1.95 million inhabitants in 2005 (9.5% of Romania’s total population; 17% of the urban population) • 19% of Romania’s GDP in 2005 • 228 km2 higher density than typical CE capitals, due to prevalence of Soviet-style project blocks (2/3 of the residents): 8550 loc/km2 • 550 km2 functional metropolitan area

  3. Historic development

  4. Historic development • Rapid expansion during the Socialist regime, by incorporations decided top-down  all the known effects: heavy industry; massive shift of rural population to city; shortages / poor quality / of housing, infrastructure; reliance on public transportation  compact city • Slight population decline after 1990 • Social backlash against forced urbanization (1990-1996) • Suburbanization; external migration (esp. after 2002)

  5. Proposed limit, 1921 The debate on “the green belt” Bucharest today Bucharest in 1938 1900 1800 1860 Historic development

  6. Bucharest districts “Sectors” • Created from the beginning of the modern administration (mid 19th century) • Number varied (4  8) but for most of the time there were 6 sectors • French-style, rational public administration: extinguish existing neighborhoods (mahala) through amalgamation and create broader sector / municipal loyalties (the 4 colored sectors)

  7. Bucharest districts Sectors = independent local governments

  8. Direct election Appointment Legality control General Council General Mayor Prefect Sector Council Sector Mayor Bucharest LG structure National government VOTERS

  9. Challenges ahead 1. Manage the systemic change in the city profile, with coherent urban policies, good regulation and strong enforcement 2. Fix the outdated large infrastructure of the city (roads, public transportation, utilities) 3. Deal with sprawl: (i) the century-old issue of “city limits and green belt”; (ii) the integration with the hinterland (the current debate on “the metropolitan zone”)

  10. Motorization

  11. Bucharest density profile

  12. Density profile of cities Socialist city Western (no land market) city

  13. Post-communist city • Bi-modal profile of density of population • More compact city; short “tail” at periphery IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSITION • Huge economic / social pressures towards land reconversion in inner city • Private sprawl towards margins and beyond Overall, post-soviet cities are in flux – major systemic changes need to be managed

  14. Existing ringroad Pipera urban disaster Next urban failures: Roşu… … and Ghencea Sprawl pressure in Bucharest

  15. Bucharest surrounded by the Ilfov county and its localities The ringroad The issue of “metropolitan zone”

  16. The issue of “metropolitan zone” 2004 proposal of Social-Democrats

  17. The issue of “metropolitan zone” • Several similar attempts were made (Oradea, Iaşi, Constanţa) but none was successful so far • No contractual association of LGs has managed to solve the problem of decision rule (equal / or weighted by population) • So agreements broke when on budget allocation or landfill location (NYMBY problem)

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