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Three types

IV Other Functional Groups. Three types. A. Aldehydes. Solvents, embalming. O || -C-H. Functional group. (Looks almost like an acid). Always found on the end of a carbon chain. Naming - remove the “e” from the alkane and adding “al”. Molecular formula - No special rules.

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Three types

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  1. IV Other Functional Groups Three types A. Aldehydes Solvents, embalming O || -C-H Functional group (Looks almost like an acid) Always found on the end of a carbon chain Naming- remove the “e” from the alkane and adding “al” Molecular formula - No special rules Just write the carbons, then the H’s, then the O’s

  2. O || H--C--H H O | || H--C--C--H | H O H H || | | H--C--C--C--H | | H F Structural Formula Name Common Name Uses Molecular formula methanal ethanal 3-fluoro propanal formaldehyde acetaldehyde Used to make synthetic rubber Preserving fluid irritating to lungs CH2O C2H4O C3H5OF

  3. B. Ketones Solvents , precursors to many chemicals O || --C-- Functional group Must have at least one carbon on either side Double bonded oxygen is in the middle of a chain Naming- remove the “e” from the alkane and adding “one” In longer ketones, we must indicate which carbon has the double bonded oxygen Molecular formula - write everything before the functional group, then write “CO”, then write the rest

  4. H O H | || | H--C--C--C--H | | H H H H O H | | || | H--C--C--C--C--H | | | H H H H O H H H | || | | | H--C--C--C--C--C--H | | | | H H Cl H Structural Formula Name Common Name Uses Molecular formula propanone 2-butanone 4-chloro 2-pentanone Acetone Nail polish remover CH3COCH3 CH3COC2H5 CH3COC3H6Cl

  5. Anesthetics, aerosols C. Ethers Functional group --O-- Must have at least one carbon on either side Naming- alphabetize the two groups on either side of the --O--, then add the word “ether” Molecular formula - Starting with the shorter side,write everything before the --O--, then write “O”, then write everything after

  6. H H | | H--C--O--C--H | | H H H H H H | | | | H--C--C--O--C--C--H | | | | H H H H Structural Formula Name Common Name Uses Molecular formula H H H H H | | | | | H--C--C--C--O--C--C--H | | | | | H H H H H Dimethyl ether Ethyl propyl ether Diethyl ether Ether Anaesthetic C2H5OC2H5 CH3OCH3 C2H5OC3H7

  7. D. Amine Amino acids, manufacture of plastics, dyes H | --N--H H | --N-- Functional group We will only look at amines that are on the end of a chain. Naming- remove the “e” from the alkane and adding “amine” Methanamine, propanamine Molecular formula – Write everything, then add NH2. H H H | | | H--C--C--N--H | | H H H H H H | | | | H--N--C--C--C--H | | | H H H Structural Formula Name Molecular formula ethanamine propanamine C2H5NH2 C3H7NH2

  8. Special compounds Amino Acids H | H – N - H | H – N - H | C | R H | C | R O || - C – OH O || - C – H | H – N - H | N - H | C | R H | C | R O || - C – OH O || - C – OH Contains an amine group and an acid group attached to a carbon H | H – N - H | C | R O || - C – OH amine Carboxyl (acid) The “R” can be any atom or group of atoms. Basic building blocks of all proteins in the body. When amino acids combine, they form an AMIDE H2O

  9. D. Amide Proteins, medicines O H || | - C--N--H O H || | - C--N-- Functional group We will only look at amides that are on the end of a chain. Naming- remove the “e” from the alkane and adding “amide” propanamide Molecular formula – Write everything, then add CONH2. H O H | || | H--C--C--N--H | H H O H H | || | | H--N--C--C--C--H | | H H Structural Formula Name Molecular formula ethanamide propanamide CH3CONH2 C2H5CONH2

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