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Brief introduction of investigation into PM 2.5

Brief introduction of investigation into PM 2.5. 20120701. Introduction into PM 2.5 (particulate matter). PM divided and nominated by diameter: TSP total suspended particle

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Brief introduction of investigation into PM 2.5

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  1. Brief introduction of investigation into PM2.5 20120701

  2. Introduction into PM2.5 (particulate matter) PM divided and nominated by diameter: TSP total suspended particle coarse particle PM10 fine particle PM2.5 ultrafine particle PM with diameter ＜100nm nanoparticle ＜10nm • 1.

  3. Mass distributions showing multi-sources of PM ＜100nm 微珠 Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Copmposition and Implications to Human Health, Journal of the Air&Waste Management Associat ion, 50: 9, 1565-1618

  4. Scale drawing comparing PM to structures in human alveoli

  5. Sources of American nationwide PM2.5 扬尘 Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Copmposition and Implications to Human Health, Journal of the Air&Waste Management Associat ion, 50: 9, 1565-1618

  6. PM2.5 has highly complicated contents Particle core of carbonaceous material organic carbon：PAHs（多环芳烃）, nitro-PAHs, quinones(类醌) translational metals: Fe Ni Cu V(钒) Co Cr biologic origin materials: virus, bacteria, endotoxins soluble aerosol components: nitrates(NO3-), sulfates(SO42-), ammonium(NH4+) other inorganic components

  7. Chemical analysis of exhaust emissions showed complicated chemical components in PM2.5 多环芳烃 二烷酸 Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Copmposition and Implications to Human Health, Journal of the Air&Waste Management Associat ion, 50: 9, 1565-1618

  8. Some related hallmarks in air pollution research • three severe air pollution events: Meuse Valley(Belgium,1930) London fog(1952) Los Angeles photochemical smog(1940s) • by 1970s, correlation between acute increases in mortality and high concentrations of air particulate • 1989-1996 Epidemiological studies • 1997 EPA firstly imposed limits on PM2.5

  9. (PM2.5） An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med. 1993:329:1753-1759

  10. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. Journal of American Medical Association 2002; 287:1132-1141. PM2.5 PM10

  11. PM2.5 and cardiopulmonary disease • Long term exposure: cause DNA damage, increase risk of lung cancer induces respiratory diseases, arteriosclerosis influence children behavior • Short term exposure: cause worsening of asthma, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases change heart-rate variability

  12. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE,2005,18:1-22

  13. Mechanism of PM2.5-induced health effects：ROS theory Mutation Research 592 (2005) 119–137

  14. PM exposure triggered inflammation in lung and systemic capillary

  15. Hypothesized events taking place after exposure to PM Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues, 65:20, 1571-1595

  16. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2001,109(4):523-527

  17. Other mechanism and signal pathways reported • induced hypermethylation of p16 promoter via ROS-JNK-DNMT1 pathway • in hypertensive rats, PM-induced inflammation was accompanied by significant increase in TLR4 • genome-wide DNA hypomethylation

  18. PM2.5 effect is source-component dependent Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2011, 8:26

  19. Future directions • Because of inconvenience in collection and lab exposure of PM2.5, fly ash used in many research, so a need for more convincible data • Lung Cancer morbidity rate data is deficient, also cancer development mechanism, the most plausible approach is animal model • Lab toxic experiments data of certain area is useful in assessing environment pollution risk • Identification of the most harmful component in PM2.5 is of prime importance in risk control and prevention • systemic effects of PM2.5

  20. Acknowledgements • Thanks for Pro. J’ guidance • Thanks for everyone’ help in the lab • thanks

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