Tobacco

1. Tobacco Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. 

2. What are some of the forms of tobacco you see and hear about? Cigarettes Snuff Chewing tobacco Pipes Cigars E-cigs What do all these have in common?

3. While there are over 7000 chemicals found in tobacco products, we are going to concentrate on 3 of them. Nicotine Carbon Monoxide Tar

4. Nicotine • It is the addictive substance in tobacco. • It is an extremely fast-acting drug. It reaches the brain within 10-15 seconds of being inhaled. • A teen’s brain is still developing, which can make teens more vulnerable to becoming addicted.

5. Carbon Monoxide • This is a poisonous gas that has no smell or taste. • The body finds it hard to differentiate carbon monoxide from oxygen so it absorbs it into the bloodstream, blocking the oxygen from getting in and making it hard to breathe. • It is also found in auto exhaust.

6. Tar • A sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns and gets into the lungs of people who smoke. • When a smoker inhales cigarette smoke, 70% of the tar remains in the lungs. 

7. Experimenting with cigarettes is a slippery slope, and first-timers often underestimate how addictive it can be. What factors increase the chances that someone may try using tobacco? • Having a parent or friend who smokes • Social pressures • Advertisements / TV and movies • Curiosity • Rebellion • Misconceptions

8. Short-term effects that can be seen very soon after a person begins to smoke: stimulates the brain reward system  increases heart rate and blood pressure increases breathing rate increases blood sugar levels stimulates the vomit reflex smoker smells like smoke smoker loses sensation of taste

9. Long-term effects of tobacco use on the body: • Lungs: • Cigarette smoke puts carcinogens directly into your lungs. • It kills the tiny hairs (cilia) that remove harmful substances from the lungs. • The loss of these hairs increases the chance of bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer. • Heart: • The nicotine increases your heart rate and blood pressure. • It increases the risk of hardening of and clogged arteries which can lead to a heart attack.

10. Long-term effects continued... • Brain: • Smoking reduces oxygen to the brain, narrows blood vessels, and can lead to a stroke. • Nicotine changes the brain in ways that lead to addiction. • Immune System: • Chemicals in tobacco smoke reduce the activity of immune system cells. • Damaging the immune system increases the chances of suffering from diseases such as cancer. • Skin: • Smoking breaks down the protein that gives skin elasticity, leading to wrinkles and premature aging. • Smoking increases the chances of skin cancer.

11. Long-term use of tobacco could lead to: Addiction- physically and mentally needing tobacco Bronchitis- inflammation of the bronchial tubes Emphysema- loss of elasticity in the lungs, making it difficult to inhale and exhale Cancer- cancerous cells replicate and spread Heart and Artery Disease Early death- those who smoke die, on average, at least 10 years younger than non-smokers

12. Effects of smoke on the non-smoker • The deadly content of cigarette smoke affects everyone exposed to the smoke. • For every 8 people killed by their own smoke, a non-smoker is killed by being exposed to secondhand smoke. SIDESTREAM SMOKE - Smoke from the burning end of the cigarette MAINSTREAM SMOKE - Smoke that is inhaled through a tobacco product and exhaled by a tobacco smoker SECONDHAND SMOKE - Combination of exhaled mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke

13. How can tobacco use affect a pregnancy? Anything the mother takes into her body is also taken in by the baby. CARBON MONOXIDE in tobacco products cuts down the oxygen supply to the baby, increasing the chances of birth defects, premature births, miscarriage, stillbirths, etc.

14. How does tobacco use affect families and society? Costs society money • medical care • insurance costs • accidental fires Costs the family money • buying tobacco products • loss of wages • medical bills • funeral costs

17. Want to quit? • Quitting isn’t easy, but it can be done and will benefit your health at any age. The sooner you quit, the sooner your body will begin to heal.

18. Some of the ways to quit smoking: • Cold Turkey – just stop • Nicotine supplements (gum & patches) – release nicotine into the body through the skin; the body gradually weans itself off the nicotine • Acupuncture – reduces cravings and alleviates withdrawal symptoms As long as there is no permanent damage, your body can recover from the effects of smoking no matter how long you have smoked.

19. Benefits to Quitting: how does the body recover? 12 hours after quitting The carbon monoxide level in your blood drops to normal 2 weeks to 3 months after quitting Your circulation improves and your lung function increases. 1 to 9 months after quitting Coughing and shortness of breath decrease; cilia (tiny hair-like structures that move mucus out of the lungs) start to regain normal function in the lungs, increasing the ability to handle mucus, clean the lungs, and reduce the risk of infection. 1 year after quitting The excess risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a continuing smoker’s. 5 years after quitting Risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and bladder are cut in half. Cervical cancer risk falls to that of a non-smoker. Stroke risk can fall to that of a non-smoker after 2-5 years. 10 years after quitting The risk of dying from lung cancer is about half that of a person who is still smoking. The risk of cancer of the larynx (voice box) and pancreas decreases. 15 years after quitting The risk of coronary heart disease is that of a non-smoker’s.

20. E-Cigarettes Battery operated devices designed to look like regular tobacco cigarettes that contain liquid nicotine

21. How they work: • How do E-cigs work? • The user inhales through a mouthpiece. • Air flow triggers a sensor that switches on a battery- powered heater. • The heater vaporizes liquid nicotine in a small cartridge. • The user gets a puff of hot vapor (containing chemicals to create the appearance of smoke) that feels a lot like tobacco smoke. • When the user exhales, there is a cloud of vapor that looks like smoke.

22. Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Devices

23. Facts about E-cigarettes • E-cigs contain nicotine levels equivalent to and higher than conventional cigarettes. • E-cigs deliver nicotine through a liquid consisting of glycerin and/or propylene glycol as well as flavorings. • Because of the known effect of nicotine on fetal and postnatal development, nicotine delivered by E-cigs during pregnancy could result in multiple adverse health consequences for the baby. • While nicotine does not cause cancer tumors, it has been shown to promote tumor growth and metastasis.

24. From 2011 – 2013 the number of non-smoking youth who used an e-cig increased three times. Why do you think is? • Exposure to ads • Ease of access • Candy and fruit-flavored products • Products are easy to use Many of the ads for E-cigs are very similar to cigarette ads.

28. E-cigs generally emit fewer and less dense toxins than combustible tobacco products, however, E-cig aerosol is not harmless “water vapor” and is not as safe as clean air. Bottom line: We still do not know the long-term effects of e-cigs, so we cannot determine how they will affect our health in the future without further research.