Contributio n in the field of medicine

1. Contribution in the field of medicine ANTIBIOTICS, VACCINATION, PASTEURIZATION AND STERILIZATION & Healthy lifestyle

2. INDEX Introduction to the field of medicine Antibiotics Vaccination Audio-visual on vaccines Pasteurization Sterilization Healthy lifestyle What is healthy lifestyle? Audio-visual on healthy lifestyle 10. Factors affecting a healthy lifestyle Ways to maintain a healthy lifestyle Bibliography

3. INTRODUCTION TO THE FIELD OF MEDICINE In this precarious world ,nobody is safe from the grip of diseases. Still ,we are very fortunate that modern medicine can cure numerous diseases which were once considered incurable. Diseases of various kinds attacked early man from all sides but he did not give up. To stay healthy and alive , he gradually found ways to prevent and fight diseases. The story of medicine is one that dates back to thousands of years, and it involves the effort, wisdom and scientific knowledge of countless great minds. A brief look at the history of medicine would tell us how Man gained valuable insights into his own body. This PPT delves into a few important medical discoveries and ways to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

4. ANTIBIOTICS Antibiotics are special kind of medicines which inhibit the growth of or destroy bacteria and some other disease producing micro-organisms. They help our body to fight against diseases. Antibiotics act only against certain types of micro-organisms such as bacteria. In fact, antibiotics are chemical substances derived from the bodies of micro-organisms such as bacteria, moulds or some plants. The antibiotic era began in 1928 with the discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Flemming. There are about 80 types of antibiotics. Some infectious diseases can also be checked with its help. Sometimes they have adverse effects also. In the end we can say that antibiotics have proved very useful to mankind.

5. VACCINATION Vaccination is an important method of controlling the spread of many infectious diseases. A person who is vaccinated is made immune to the disease and cannot pass it on to anybody. Vaccines may be given by injections, by mouth or by a scratch on the skin. Vaccine causes the body to produce antibodies which neutralize the invading germs. Some vaccines contain dead bacteria or virus, others contain toxoids – chemically modified toxins normally produced by the disease causing germs. Diseases that can be prevented by vaccinations are diphtheria, tetanus, polio, mumps, chickenpox, etc. Some vaccinations need booster doses, some do not. Some produce life long immunity while others produce long term immunity. Vaccinations have helped the mankind to a great extent in overcoming various diseases. The first vaccination was found in 1796 against smallpox by Edward Jenner and he published his findings in 1798.

7. PASTEURIZATION Pasteurization is a process for sterilizing milk and other drinks, invented by Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895) – a French microbiologist and chemist, for improving storage qualities and to protect them from spoiling. This method is named after him. The milk and butter sold in the market are normally first pasteurized, and then marketed. In the process of pasteurization, milk, butter, etc. are heated up to a certain temperature and then quickly chilled. This kills the bacteria in them. If milk is heated up to 63o for 30 minutes in between 72 – 80 degrees for 16 seconds and then chilled to 10 degrees or less the bacteria of tuberculosis and other diseases can be destroyed. Pasteurized milk can also be kept unspoiled for a longer period of time without boiling. This process does not affect the taste of the milk. Nowadays gamma rays and beta rays are also being used for pasteurization. These rays kill the bacteria present in the milk and other drinks.

8. STERILIZATION Sterilization is a term referring to any process that removes or kills all forms of microbial life including transmissible agents such as fungi present on a surface, contained in a fluid or in medication. Sterilization can be achieved by applying the proper combinations of heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure and filtration. Sterilization is done on medical equipment to clean them so that all the germs present are killed. Foods can also be sterilized through cooking, food irradiation and pascalization. There are three basic methods of sterilization- heat sterilization, chemical sterilization and radiation sterilization and each of these methods have their own divisions and sub - divisions. Sterilized Equipment Bedding sterilizer

9. HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

10. Is it a veggie diet?? Is it a fat free diet?? Is it exercising for 2 hours daily?? ?? What is a healthy lifestyle ?? Maybe an audio-visual will clear all your doubts……

12. Binge eating or Over dieting No fixed sleep and wake up schedule Insufficient physical activity Factors affecting Healthy lifestyle Smoking and drinking Over consumption of fried and sweet food Regular consumption of fast foods and tinned foods Overwork and stress No regular exercise

13. Ways to Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle • Maintaining a daily routine • Exercising regularly • Eating a balanced diet • Drinking 7-8 glasses of water everyday • Having a regular sleeping pattern • Maintaining proper posture while • sitting and standing

14. Avoiding escalators and elevators and • taking the stairs • Keeping our surroundings clean • Following a method of relaxation • everyday to avoid stress • Undergoing yearly medical check-ups • Being positive

15. BIBLIOGRAPHY • I acknowledge and thank: • The Tell me why series by Malayalam Manorama • Remarkable personalities book by Britannica • The Children’s knowledge bank series by PustakMahal • Know your body book by Reader’s digest • The Internet PPT by V.Chaitanya V-C