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Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking: Findings from the British Crime Survey. Research, Development and Statistics (CRCSG). Jonathan Allen Crime Surveys Section Strategic Data Flows. BUILDING A SAFE, JUST AND TOLERANT SOCIETY. THE BRITISH CRIME SURVEY.
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Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking: Findings from the British Crime Survey Research, Development and Statistics (CRCSG) Jonathan Allen Crime Surveys Section Strategic Data Flows BUILDING A SAFE, JUST AND TOLERANT SOCIETY
THE BRITISH CRIME SURVEY The British Crime Survey (BCS) • Household survey of people’s experiences and perceptions of crime in England and Wales • First conducted in 1981 • Continuous since 2001 • Sample size • Alternative to police recorded crime
2001 BRITISH CRIME SURVEY • IPV module (n-s domestic violence, sexual victimisation, stalking) • AIMS: • most accurate estimates of extent and nature • national level male sexual assault • most detailed distinctions between forms of sexual assault • overlaps between domestic violence, sexual victimisation, stalking
2001 IPV DESIGN • previous BCS studies • disclosure and self-completion • 16-59 year olds • question design • nationally-representative • piloting
Extent of domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking • Inter-personal violence is both widely dispersed and it is concentrated: • some experience of domestic abuse, sexual victimisation or stalking for 36% of people • a minority, largely women, suffer multiple attacks, severe injuries, experience more than one form of IPV and serious disruption • Overall, 45% of women and 26% of men aged 16-59 could recall being subject to domestic abuse, sexual victimisation or stalking at least once in their lifetime
Experience since age 16 • 21% - women and 10% - men experienced ns domestic violence (threat or force) • 17% - women and 2% - men had been sexually victimised in some way • 5% - women had suffered a serious sexual assault, 4% had been raped • Overall, 0.5% of men had suffered a ssa, with 0.4% reporting rape • 19% - women and 12% - men experienced stalking or harassment at some point
Experience in the 12 months prior to interview • 13% - women and 9% - men had been subject to IPV • 4% - women and 2% - men were subject to dv • Among women subject to dv in the last year, mean - 20, 28% experienced one incident only. For men, the mean - 7, one incident - 47% • 190,000 incidents of ssa and an estimated 47,000 female victims of rape • 0.2% - men were subject to any form of sexual assault • 8% - women and 6% - men were stalked
The most heavily abused • Women were the overwhelming majority of the most heavily abused group • Among people subject to four or more incidents of dv from the perpetrator of the worst incident (since age 16), 89% were women. • 32% of women had experienced dv from this person four or more times compared with only 11% of men • 3.3% - women and 0.3% - men were subject to all 3 forms of IPV (by one or more perpetrators) at some point
Experience of IPV: impact and meaning The following findings refer to the worst incident • Last year dv, 46% - women sustained a minor physical injury, 20% moderate, 6% severe. For 31% it resulted in mental/emotional problems. Among men, the figures were 41%, 14% ,1% and 9% • Female ssa, for 52% - depression, attempted suicide - 5% and pregnancy - 4% • Among employed women who suffered dv in the last year, 21% took time off work and 2% lost their jobs. For men, 6% took time off, 2% lost jobs • 64% - women and 94% - men subject to last year dv did not think it was a crime. Two-thirds of women who had been victimised ‘many times’ did think it was
Relationship of offender to victim for rape and serious sexual assault
Seeking help • 31% - women and 63% - men had not told anyone about the worst incident of dv suffered during the last year • 40% - women told no one about their worst experience of rape • 25% of those women that were raped in their worst incident and classified it as such, told no one • Among victims of stalking last year, 9% women and 17% men told no one • In less than one in four (23% women; 8% men) of the worst cases of dv in the last year did the police come to know • In cases of sexual assault the police came to know in less than one in seven of the worst cases
Developments The 2004/05 BCS IPV module - redesign • Repetition of format • Broadening of domestic violence definition • Restrictions • Level of detail and timing • Analytical streamlining – core victimisation module • Change in nature of follow-up information, shift from worst incident focus • Focus on partner abuse in last 12 months • Comparability to 2001 prevalence information • Piloting
Developments conti… • First results from 2004/05 BCS • 2005/06 – core module + nature of sexual assault follow up • 2006/07 – core module only • Future directions
CONTACT DETAILS • Home Office • 5th Floor • Peel Building • 2 Marsham Street • London, UK • E-mail: bcsadhoc@homeoffice.gsi.gov.uk • Website: www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/bcs1.html