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South Carolina Wing Civil Air Patrol Mission Aircrew Course

Learn the essential requirements, duties, and qualifications for Mission Aircrew roles in Civil Air Patrol missions. Participate in training to develop skills in scanning, observing, piloting, and radio operation. Get equipped for successful mission execution!

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South Carolina Wing Civil Air Patrol Mission Aircrew Course

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  1. South Carolina WingCivil Air Patrol Mission Aircrew Course ** Revised Apr. 2006 – TX176/R.Hischke **

  2. Administrative Items Form 101 So, you wanna train ??? • Form 101 Specialty Qualification Card • CAPR 60-3 NEED GENERAL ES !!!

  3. Mission Scanner Requirements • Trainee • 18 years of age minimum • Complete on-line CAPT 116, ES/ICS tests • Qualification • Preparatory Training per SQTR-MS • Recommend Completion of AFIADL 02130A Scanner Course • Demonstrate knowledge of procedures and plans • Assist in planning & conducting two sorties • Training conducted & verified by a qualified Mission Scanner

  4. Training Requirements • Visual Search Pattern Procedures • Electronic Search Pattern and Procedures • Aircrew Coordination • Flight Line Operations • Survival and First Aid Procedures • Safety • Scanning Techniques and Sighting Characteristics

  5. Flight Training/Qualification Requirements • Minimum of two separate sorties as a trainee under the direct supervision of a qualified Mission Scanner • Demonstrate Thorough Knowledge and Understanding of: • Visual Search Pattern Procedures • Electronic Search Pattern and Procedures • Coordination with Ground Teams/Air-Ground Signals • Aircrew Coordination

  6. Scanner Duties • PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY: Visual Search • Be prepared to fly the mission — clothing, equipment, credentials, etc. • Complete mission paperwork • Attend briefings • Maintain an observer’s log • Conduct the mission as planned • Report observations accurately • Return borrowed or assigned equipment • Complete all post-mission paperwork

  7. Mission Observer Requirements • Trainee • Qualified Mission Scanner • Qualification • Preparatory Training per SQTR-MO • CAP Radio Operator Authorization Card • Recommend Completion of AFIADL 02130B Observer Course • Demonstrate knowledge of Procedures and Plans • Plan & conduct two sorties • Training conducted & verified by a qualified Mission Observer

  8. Flight Training Requirements • Minimum of two separate sorties as a trainee under the direct supervision of a qualified Mission Observer • Visual and electronic search procedures • Visual search patterns as applicable • Electronic search with direction finding equipment • Electronic search without direction finding equipment • Aircrew coordination • Other search mission procedures

  9. Observer Duties • Be prepared to fly the mission — clothing, equipment, credentials, etc. • Complete pre-mission paperwork • Attend briefings • Maintain an observer’s log • Conduct the mission as planned • Advise the mission base of status • Report accurately • Return borrowed or assigned equipment • Complete all paperwork

  10. Mission Pilot Requirements • Trainee • Qualified Mission Scanner • Highly recommended to be Qualified Mission Observer • Current CAP Pilot with 175 Hrs. PIC incl. 50 Hrs. X/C • Preparatory Training per SQTR-MP • Qualification • CAP Radio Operator Authorization Card • Complete MISSION AIRCREW Course • Fly two separate training sorties • Demonstrate capability to fly search patterns • Complete evaluation flight check - CAPF 91. • Training conducted & verified by a qualified Mission Pilot

  11. Mission Forms Radio Operator Authorization Card • Complete Basic Comm User Training • CAP Form 76 (ROA) • CAPR 100-1

  12. SQTR’s • Specialty Qualification Training Records • CAPR 60-3 • SQTR-MS - Mission Scanner • SQTR-MO - Mission Observer • SQTR-MP - Mission Pilot • etc.

  13. SQTR-MS

  14. SQTR-MO

  15. SQTR-MP

  16. Form 101 • Form 101 Specialty Qualification Card • CAPR 60-3

  17. Forms 104 and 108 • CAPF 104 Mission Flight Plan / Briefing / Debriefing Form • CAPR 60-1 • Completed for each mission sortie • CAPF 108 CAP Payment / Reimbursement Document for Aviation / Automotive / Miscellaneous Expenses • CAPR 173-3 • Completed for each mission • File within 30 days after mission completion • Processing may take weeks

  18. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA USE ONLY) PILOT BRIEFING VNR TIME STARTED SPECIALIST INITIALS STOPOVER FLIGHT PLAN 7. CRUISING ALTITUDE 1. TYPE 2. AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION 4. TRUE AIRSPEED 6. DEPARTURE TIME 3. AIRCRAFT TYPE/ SPECIAL EQUIPMENT 5. DEPARTURE POINT PROPOSED (Z) ACTUAL (Z) VFR IFR DVFR KTS 8. ROUTE OF FLIGHT 10. EST. TIME ENROUTE 9. DESTINATION (Name of airport and city) 11. REMARKS HOURS MINUTES 14. PILOTS NAME, ADDRESS, & TELEPHONE NUMBER & AIRCRAFT HOME BASE 12. FUEL ON BOARD 13. ALTERNATE AIRPORT(S) 15. NUMBER ABOARD MINUTES HOURS 17. DESTINATION CONTACT / TELEPHONE (OPTIONAL) 16. COLOR OF AIRCRAFT CIVIL AIRCRAFT PILOTS, FAR Part 91 requires you file an IFR flight plan to operate under instrument flight rules in controlled airspace. Failure to file could result in a civil penalty not to exceed $1,000 for each violation (Section 901 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 as amended • CLOSE VFR FLIGHT PLAN WITH ________________FSS ON ARRIVAL FAA Form 7233-1 (8-82) FAA Flight Plan • FAA Form 7233-1

  19. Radio Communications& Procedures • There are many radios in aircraft • ALL have similar features, tuning, volume, squelch • Learn how to operate the radio you will be using • Keep radio transmissions brief and clear • Use “Code words” • Use “Prowords” • Figures • Time • Phonetic Alphabet

  20. Ground Team Coordination • CAPR 60-3 • Ground to Air Signals • Size equals visibility • Natural materials (contrast is important) • Body signals • Paulin signals • Air to Ground Signals • Aircraft motion • Circling and heading • Racing the engine • Message drop Think BIG!

  21. Ground Signals

  22. Aircraft Motion Signals NO YES Message received and understood

  23. Low Level Navigation THE DANGER • The biggest single problem is crew workload • Your perception of speed varies with altitude SPECIAL ATTENTION • Man-made obstructions • Air crew duties • These items should be covered during the pre-flight briefing.

  24. Position Determination • Electronic means • Radial and distance (DME) from an identified station • Intersection of two radials • Intersection of two reverse courses

  25. Position Determination • Pilotage • Work from larger to smaller • Work from a known location to present location • Watch the scale on maps • Remain suspicious if all points don’t seem to line up right • Use groups of 3 characteristics to verify position

  26. Easterly Variation Westerly Variation 20º 15º 20º 10º 15º 10º 0º 5º 5º Agonic Line Pilotage • Get a current chart • Plot course • Choose checkpoints • Enclose the Course • Measure true course • Adjust for magnetic variation • Correct for wind • Note compass deviation

  27. CAP Grid System • Overlays standard sectional maps • Subdivides the map into distinct working areas • Each grid is 1/4° of latitude by 1/4° of longitude and is assigned a number • Grids are further divided into sub-grids labeled A, B, C, and D • Each sectional has a standard for assigning grid numbers — for areas of overlap the grid number of the most westerly chart is used

  28. Aeronautical Chart Grid System HOU 101 HOU 126B • Each 15x15 grid on the sectional is assigned a number • In this example, the grids depicted are on the HOU sectional • Grids are subdivided into 7.5x7.5 sections • Letters are used to define sub-grids 96-00 W 95-00 W 31-00 N A B D C 30-30 N 95-45 W 30-00 N 95-30 W 96-00 W HOU 176 95-00 W

  29. Standardized Latitude/Longitude Grid System 30/095 ADB 30/095 AA • This system does not require special numbering • Lat-long of lower right corner defines the grid • Letters are used to define sub-grids 96-00 W 95-00 W 31-00 N A B B A B C D C 30-30 N 95-45 W D C 30-00 N 95-30 W 96-00 W 95-00 W

  30. Making Grid Charts • You can use a new sectional — normally not updated unless it gets worn out • Use a hi-lighter (not pink) to mark grid boundaries on the chart using a long ruler • Mark grid identification in black ink for easy visibility • You should always keep a current sectional with you even if you have a sectional which is marked with grids

  31. Search Planning& Coverage • Search Involves • Estimating the position of the wreck or survivors • Determining the area to be searched • Selecting the search techniques to be used • Possibility Area • Circle around the Last Known Position (LKP) • The radius is equal to the endurance of the aircraft • Correct for wind • Probability Area • Where is the aircraft likely to be

  32. Determining the Possibility Area No wind endurance Flight level winds: 330/20 Aircraft Speed: 100 Kts Endurance: 2 Hours 40NM LKP 200 NM Wind vector Corrected for wind Maximum possibility area

  33. Probability Area • Where was the last point where RADAR had the aircraft identified? • Is there an ELT? • Was there a flight plan (even if not on file with the FAA)? • Dead reckoning from LKP and heading • Reports of sightings • Other aircraft • People living along the intended route of flight

  34. Narrowing the Probability Area • Flight plan • Weather information • National Track Analysis Program data • Airports along the intended flight track • Aircraft performance • Pilot’s flying habits • Radar coverage as a limiting factor • Nature of terrain along the flight track • Position reports — fuel stops, etc. • Most likely within 5 miles of intended track

  35. Search Priorities • Areas of bad weather • Low clouds and poor visibility • Areas where weather was not as forecast • High terrain • Areas not covered by radar • Reports of low flying aircraft • Survival factors • Radio contacts or MAYDAY calls

  36. Search Coverage • Factors which affect detection • Weather & lighting conditions • Type of Terrain • Search Visibility • Scanning Range • Track Spacing (S) • Determining factors for search area coverage • Type and number of aircraft available • Search visibility • Possibility Area • Probability Area • Probability Of Detection (POD)

  37. Search CoverageProbability Of Detection (POD) • POD expressed as a “percent” that the search object can be detected • Four interrelated factors used to calculate • Track Spacing (S) • Search Visibility • Search Altitude • Type of Terrain • Cumulative POD calculated using a chart • “Effectiveness” must also be considered

  38. Search Coverage Probability of Detection Chart

  39. Search Coverage Cumulative Probability of Detection Chart Previous POD 5-10% 15 11-20% 20 25 21-30% 30 35 45 31-40% 40 45 50 60 41-50% 50 55 60 65 70 51-60% 60 65 65 70 75 80 61-70% 70 70 75 80 80 85 90 71-80% 80 80 80 85 85 90 90 95 80+% 85 85 90 90 90 95 95 95 95+ 5-10% 11-20% 21-30% 31-40% 41-50% 51-60% 61-70% 71-80% 80+% POD For This Search

  40. Electronic Search Patterns Emergency Locator Transmitter • Normally set off by the impact of an airplane crash; can be set off by a hard landing--check 121.5 before engine shutdown • TSO 91 ELTs are most common • 121.5 MHz • 98% of all ELT activations are false alarms • TSO 91A ELTs also available • 406 MHz • Signal includes registration information • Has lower false alarm rate - only 90%

  41. Electronic Search • Line-of-sight ELT signals can be blocked Signal blocked by the curvature of the earth Area of Reception Area of Reception

  42. Search Path Path of missing aircraft Path of missing aircraft Done using Track Line or Creeping Line pattern • Altitude is normally 5,000 to 10,000 AGL • Use a search pattern assigned by the Mission Coordinator • Track Line (route) search or Creeping Line may be used

  43. Homing with DF Equipment • Direction Finding Equipment for 121.5 MHz • Use standard homing procedures • Determine direction from the needle indications • Turn toward the direction indicated by the needle • Proceed until you get a strong “crossover” indication • Descend if needed to locate the signal • Homing at low altitudes may cause problems due to interference from the ground or man-made obstacles

  44. Signal Null Method Low Ant Null Signal Heard High Ant Null Null vector from first turn High Ant Null Path of Aircraft Low Ant Null High Ant Null High Ant Null Low Ant Null Low Ant Null High Ant Null Null Vector from second turn No nulls detected at low altitude Low Ant Null

  45. Aural Search Pattern Barely audible signal in aircraft receiver at search altitude Second heading First heading Third heading Commence low altitude search Signal faded Signal heard again Chord 2 Signal faded again Chord 1 Chord 3 Signal heard again Signal heard

  46. Metered Search Signal fades out 4 8 2 7 ELT 2 6 4 5 5 6 6 Second pass -turn 7 to locate ELT 8 8 First pass- signal detected

  47. Electronic Search Problems • Pattern distortion due to terrain • Signal loss due to terrain • Determination of aural signal • Volume problems • Volume control and Squelch • Automatic volume controls • Individual differences in people • Success requires • Equipment • Knowledge • Practice

  48. Visual Search Patterns& ProceduresTrack Line (Route Search) Track of missing aircraft Track of search aircraft 1/2 S 1/2 S

  49. Visual Search PatternsParallel Track

  50. Visual Search PatternsCreeping Line Direction of Search s s s s s

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