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A Brief Introduction to Bioinformatics

A Brief Introduction to Bioinformatics. Deng-Ke Niu ( 牛登科 ) February 2014 Beijing Normal University http://cmb.bnu.edu.cn/teachers/niudk.htm. Contents. Why do biologists need b ioinformatics? What is bioinformatics? What’s the next of bioinformatics?.

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A Brief Introduction to Bioinformatics

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  1. A Brief Introduction to Bioinformatics Deng-Ke Niu (牛登科) February 2014 Beijing Normal University http://cmb.bnu.edu.cn/teachers/niudk.htm

  2. Contents • Why do biologists need bioinformatics? • What is bioinformatics? • What’s the next of bioinformatics?

  3. Revolutions of biology triggered by new tools • Fine glasses enabled the inventions of telescope and microscope, which consequently triggered the rapid developments of astronomy and biology. • Microscope opened a new world for biologists: bacteria, protists, virus, cells, organelles, as well as fine structures of large organisms.

  4. Revolutions of biology triggered by new tools • Great voyage gave us a global view of the lives on earth, based on which a comprehensive thinking was possible to reveal the principle of evolution. “吃辣椒可以去湿气，四川地区湿气重，人们常吃辣”？ 纵横全局化思考：15世纪末,17世纪初，广东。

  5. Computational Biology: the biology in the era of Information Technology • Now, computers and internets have changed everything in the world. • Could biology benefit from IT? • Yes. With the help of IT, biologists could dealing with massive data and construct complex models. • Not a single gene (protein, metabolic pathway, or …) or a few of them. • But all the genes (proteins, …) expressed in an or many interested cells/tissues/organs.

  6. Computational Biology: the biology in the era of Information Technology • They are Genomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, …. • We now could have global views of the molecular structures and processes of life. • Global views will also revolutionize our understanding of life.

  7. Bioinformatics: the technology to compute biology • At the intersection of biological/medical sciences and mathematics/computer science/engineering. • An interdisciplinary scientific field that develops methods for storing, retrieving, organizing and analyzing biological data. A major activity in bioinformatics is to develop software tools to generate useful biological knowledge. Adapted from Wikipedia.

  8. Bioinformatics: the details modified from Wikipedia • Complex (enough) machines are used to read in biological data at a much faster rate than before. • Commonly used software tools and technologies in the field include Linux, Java, C#, XML, Perl, BioPerl, C, C++, Python, R, SQL, MySQL, MATLAB, and spreadsheet applications.

  9. Bioinformatics: the details modified from Wikipedia • Databases and information systems are used to store and organize biological data.

  10. Bioinformatics: the details modified from Wikipedia • Analyzing biological data may involve algorithms in artificial intelligence, soft computing, data mining, image processing, and simulation. • The algorithms in turn depend on theoretical foundations such as discrete mathematics, control theory, system theory, information theory, and statistics.

  11. MEGA: an integrated tool

  12. Rapidly advanced sequencing technology provides massive foods for bioinformatics

  13. Bioinformatics: the next step • Continuously develops more advanced methods for storing, retrieving, organizing and analyzing biological data. • Become routine techniques of biologists. • Kahvejian A, et al. What would you do if you could sequence everything? Nature Biotechnology 2008, 26:1125-1133. • What would you do if you could access the sequences of everything? • Deep and comprehensive understanding of biology.

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