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Cycling of Matter

Part 3: Cycling of Matter. Cycling of Matter. Cycles in the Biosphere Natural processes cycle matter through the atmosphere The exchange of matter through the biosphere is called the biogeochemical cycle. Bio : Involves living things Geo : Geological Processes

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Cycling of Matter

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  1. Part 3: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Matter • Cycles in the Biosphere • Natural processes cycle matter through the atmosphere • The exchange of matter through the biosphere is called the biogeochemical cycle. • Bio: Involves living things • Geo: Geological Processes • Chemical: Chemical Processes

  2. Chapter 5 Section 2: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Carbon Carbon Cycle CO2 in atmosphere Burning Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Plants, Algae & Cyanobacteria Higher level Consumers Wood & Fossil Fuels Primary Consumer Detritivores(soil microbes & others) Detritus

  3. Chapter 5 Section 2: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Carbon Short Term Cycle Long Term Cycles (2) Producers make food, Food web occurs Marine animals make shells out of calcium carbonate Producers take in CO2 gas during photosynthesis Organisms die, over millions of years the carbon from their bodies turns into fossil fuels Shells sink to ocean bottom, form limestone Organisms release CO2 gas during cellular respiration Humans burn fossil fuels And release CO2 gas Some carbonate dissolves in ocean water

  4. Chapter 5 Section 2: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Carbon – Human Impact Humans burn fuels Effects Global warming Melting ice caps Sea level rise - flooding Species at risk (polar bears, lizards, etc. • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas and traps heat in the atmosphere. • 30% more Carbon Dioxide in the air today than there was about 150 years ago. http://www.ucar.edu/ (The National Center for Atmospheric Research)

  5. Chapter 5 Section 2: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Nitrogen • Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of the atmosphere • It cannot be used this form • Organisms use it to make protein and DNA • Only a few processes can turn nitrogen gas into usable nitrogen • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules of some plants • Lightning can form nitrates

  6. Part 3: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Matter Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen in atmosphere Plants Assimilation Denitrifying bacteria Nitrates (NO3-) Nitrogen – fixingbacteria in rootnodules oflegumes Decomposers (aerobic & anaerobic bacteria and fungi) Nitrifying bacteria Ammonification Nitrites (NO2-) Ammonium (NH4+) Nitrogen – fixing bacteria in soil

  7. Human Impact on Nitrogen Cycle • Fertilizer Runoff from agriculture can add excess nitrate to a watershed • Artificial eutrophication can occur

  8. Phosphorous Cycle • Occurs on land (phosphorous is rarely a gas) • Human impacts: • Phosphorous is in many fertilizers • Can cause artificial eutrophication of water bodies • Phosphorous is in the backbone of DNA molecules

  9. Phosphorous Cycle Diagram

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