By Kelsey Chrysler and Jeff Gregory

1. By Kelsey Chrysler and Jeff Gregory Covalent Bonds

2. A covalent bond is a chemical bond in witch two atoms share a pair of valence electrons. • What is a covalent bond?

3. Covalent bonds are forces that hold atoms together. The forces are formed when the atoms of a molecule share electrons.

4. Covalent bonds represent chemical potential energy that can be used in biological reactions.

5. A molecule is a neutral group of atoms that joined together by one or more covalent bonds. The attractions between the shared electrons and the protons in each nucleus hold the atoms together in a covalent bond.

6. Who founded covalent bonds? • Gilbert Lewis • Born on October 23, 1875. • Got his Ph.D. at Harvard.

7. Covalent bods vs. Ionic bonds Covalent bonds Ionic bonds Occur between any two different atoms. The bond is electromagnetic. • Can occur between any two atoms. • The bond is sharing electrons.

8. Molecules that have covalent linkages include the inorganic substances: • Hydrogen • Nitrogen • Chlorine • Water • Ammonia

9. Covalent bonding includes many kinds of interactions, including: • O – bonding • Metal to metal bonding • Agnostic interactions • Three center two electron bonds

10. The type of atoms in a molecule and its shape are factors that determine whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar. Attraction between polar molecules are stronger then attractions between nonpolar molecules.

11. Electronegativity & Dipole Electronegativity Dipole When a bond or a molecule has unequal sharing. • Attraction of one atom for the electrons of another atom.

12. Covalent Bond Test1-5 fill in the blank • A____________is a chemical bond in which two atoms share a • pair of valence electrons. • 2. A________is a neutral group of atoms that joined together by • one or more covalent bonds. • 3. Covalent bonding includes many kinds of interactions, • including_________. • 4. Who founded covalent bonds? _____________ • 5. The attractions between the shared__________and the • _______in each nucleus hold the atoms together in a covalent • bond.

13. 6-10 true or false • Covalent bonds are forces that hold atoms together._______ • Covalent bonds and Ionic bonds are the same.______ • Covalent bonds be observed in nature.______ • A Dipole is when a bond or molecule has unequal sharing.______ • Attraction between polar molecules are weaker then attractions between nonpolar molecules.______

14. Covalent Bond Test Answers1-5 fill in the blank A covalent bond is a chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of valence electrons. A molecule is a neutral group of atoms that joined together by one or more covalent bonds. 3.Covalent bonding includes many kinds of interactions, including O-bonding. 4.Who founded covalent bonds? Gilbert Lewis. 5.The attractions between the shared electrons and the protons in each nucleus hold the atoms together in a covalent bond.

15. 6-10 true or false 6.Covalent bonds are forces that hold atoms together. True 7.Covalent bonds and Ionic bonds are the same. False 8.Covalent bonds can be observed in nature. True 9.A Dipole is when a bond or molecule has unequal sharing. True 10.Attraction between polar molecules are weaker then attractions between nonpolar molecules. false

16. Works Cited • n. page. Print. http://chemistry.about.com/ • n. page. Print. http://chemistry.about.com/. • n. page. Print. <academic.brooklyn.cont.edu/>. • n. page. Print. http://www.britannica.com/ • n. page. Print. http://ultrashieldcorp.com/