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EFFICIENCE DE L’UTILISATION DE L’EAU CHEZ LE BLE ET L’ORGE SOUS DIFFERENTS REGIMES HYDRIQUES ET DE FERTILISATION AZOTEE

Ministère de l’Agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques Institution de la Recherche et de l’Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT). EFFICIENCE DE L’UTILISATION DE L’EAU CHEZ LE BLE ET L’ORGE SOUS DIFFERENTS

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EFFICIENCE DE L’UTILISATION DE L’EAU CHEZ LE BLE ET L’ORGE SOUS DIFFERENTS REGIMES HYDRIQUES ET DE FERTILISATION AZOTEE

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  1. Ministère de l’Agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques Institution de la Recherche et de l’Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT) EFFICIENCE DE L’UTILISATION DE L’EAU CHEZ LE BLE ET L’ORGE SOUS DIFFERENTS REGIMES HYDRIQUES ET DE FERTILISATION AZOTEE DANS DES CONDITIONS SUBHUMIDES DE TUNISIE WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT AND BARLEY UNDER DIFFERENT WATER AND NITROGEN REGIMES IN THE SUBHUMIDE CONDITION OF TUNISIA

  2. H. J. Mellouli, M. Ben Naceur, M. El Felah, M. S. El Gharbi, M. Kaabia & H. Nahdi INRAT - Rue Hedi Karray 2049 Ariana – Tunisie. E-mail:mellouli.hafedhjamil@iresa.agrinet.tn M. Karrou, INRA – Settat – Maroc

  3. Objectives • To test, in field experiments, the management strategies, to improve growth and water use efficiency of wheat and barley under • 4 water regimes & 4 N levels (Semi-arid). • 2 water regimes & 4 N levels (Sub humid). Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  4. Experimental Sites 2 sites, located in a cereal growing areas, were selected for running water and nitrogen experiments on cereals • An experimental station located in Agricultural Development Company “EL KHIR” At Mhamdia (North, 30 Km from Tunis). • Oued Mliz experimental station of INRAT (North-Western, 180 Km from Tunis). Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  5. Experimental Site Characterisation • Alt. : 200 m (asl) • Latitude : 36°27’ N • Longitude : 8°26’ E. • By using « La carte Agricole de Tunisie, MARH, 2001-2003) • THE CLIMATE • THE PEDOLOGIOCAL CHARACTERISTICS • THE SOILS APTITUDE TO CEREALS. Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  6. OUED MLIZ STATION (CLIMATE) OUED MLIZ Station (Subhumid Climate) 500 mm Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  7. OUED MLIZ STATION(PEDOLOGIOCAL CHARACTERISTICS) • Alluvial Deep Soils • Texture: clay to clay Loam Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  8. OUED MLIZ STATION(Aptitude to Cereals) Higly adapted to cereal crops Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  9. Soil Analysis -Oued Mliz Site22/11/2005 Averages of 3 profiles Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  10. Soil Moisture pF CurvesDesorption Characteristic (van Genuchten Model) • Water Stock at FC (mm/m) 370 • Water Stock at WP (mm/m) 220 • Available Water Capacity (mm/m) 150 Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  11. Split Plot Randomized Water Regimes Randomized Nitrogen Fertilization Levels Water Regimes 0% ETM : Rainfed 100% ETM Full Irrigated Nitrogen Levels WHEAT (0, 50, 100 & 150 Kg N/ha) BARLEY (0, 25, 50 & 100 Kg N/ha) Karim: Durum wheat, created by INRAT since 1973. Registered in 1980 Manel : created in 1996 by INRAT. Suitably for sub humid area and adapted to double use Genotypes X Environment X Water X Nitrogen Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  12. Sowing Date and DosesEmergence Date & Nitrogen applications Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  13. Rainfall (2005/2006) • September : > -50% • the Sowing month of November was very dry in with Precipitation deficit of 76% • December and January were very wet. • 53% deficit was recorded during February. • April which is the month of milky and pasty grain phases suffered from 67% as deficit. • It’s important to underline that precipitations of December and January were very useful in the supplying of the soil water reservoir. Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  14. Oued MlizIrrigation (mm) Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  15. Harvest Dates(12-15 % H2O) Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  16. Results (2005/2006)Wheat : Oued Mliz Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  17. Results (2005/2006) Wheat : Oued Mliz Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  18. Rainfall (2005/2006) • September : > -50% • the Sowing month of November was very dry in with Precipitation deficit of 76% • December and January were very wet. • 53% deficit was recorded during February. • April which is the month of milky and pasty grain phases suffered from 67% as deficit. • It’s important to underline that precipitations of December and January were very useful in the supplying of the soil water reservoir. Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  19. Results (2005/2006) Wheat : Oued Mliz Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  20. Results (2005/2006) Barley : Oued Mliz Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  21. Results (2005/2006) Barley : Oued Mliz Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  22. Results (2005/2006) Barley : Oued Mliz Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

  23. Water Saving in Mediterranean Agriculture & Future Research Needs Bari, Italy 14-17/02/2007

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