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Hybridisation

Hybridisation. Process information from secondary sources to describe an example of hybridisation and explain the purpose of hybridisation. Hybridisation. LABRAGULL. APPOG. SQUIRAPPLE. Hybrids.

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Hybridisation

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  1. Hybridisation Process information from secondary sources to describe an example of hybridisation and explain the purpose of hybridisation

  2. Hybridisation LABRAGULL APPOG Kevin Quigley. 2006. SQUIRAPPLE

  3. Hybrids • Involves cross breeding different varieties of the samespecies to produce a new variety of the same species. Bull Terriers are a breed of dog that originated from cross breeding Bulldogs and Terriers. • Hybrids occur regularly in nature as this helps increase genetic variety. Generally hybrid plants are more vigorous and higher yielding than their true breeding parents.

  4. Hybridisation Kevin Quigley. 2006.

  5. Hybrids cont. • Hybrids are usually infertile. Although offspring can develop, the chromosomes do not match sufficiently for meiosis to occur.

  6. Examples of Hybrids • Different breeds of dog can successfully breed because they are all of the same species. They appear different because they have different alleles for many physical characteristics. • Often hybrids are produced in agriculture for commercial purposes. E.g. Flowers may be crossed to produce larger flowers, frost resistance, pest resistance or unique colours.

  7. Wheat Hybridisation in Australia • Late 1800’s – Australian wheat quality was too poor to make flour  Wheat was imported. • Wheat varieties grown were all from England. They were unsuitable for the Australian climate and had no resistance to local plant diseases. • William Farrer (1845 – 1906) pioneered Australian wheat research. He commenced work on his farm in 1886.

  8. William Farrer’s Work • Farrer carried out artificial crosses of different wheat varieties. He mainly used bread wheat (Triticumaestivium) but also used some pasta wheat (Triticumturgidum). • Took an early-ripening Indian wheat and crossed it with a good-baking Canadian variety • He took this new hybrid and crossed it with a high yield variety producing Federation • He successfully bred wheat varieties with narrow leaves to reduce water loss, early ripening, introduce resistance to common diseases, improve baking quality and yield.

  9. William Farrer’s Work, cont. • Farrer’s new species could grow in drier conditions and so were suitable for the Australian climate. • Farrer is best known for a variety that became commercially available in 1901 called ‘Federation’.

  10. Federation was a short growing, high yield, early ripening wheat variety. Because of its’ height it was suitable for the new mechanical harvesters. • By 1910 Federation was the most widely grown wheat in Australia. • Farrers work continues today at the Sydney University’s Plant Breeding Research Institute at Narrabri, NSW.

  11. Hybrid Vigour • This is also known as heterozygous vigour. It is the idea that most hybrid organisms are often better suited to the environment than the original organisms they were bred from. • That is stronger, higher yields, live longer etc

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