WHAT TO EXPECT IN THIS CHAPTER

1. WHAT TO EXPECT IN THIS CHAPTER • A PAPER RELATING THE TERMS WE DISCUSS TO THE MOVIE NELL (100pt paper). • BRING OLD APPROPRIATE MAGAZINES THAT CAN BE TORE APART (explain our culture). • WRITE DOWN AND REVIEW EVERYONE’S VALUES (continuum on board). • TYPE ONE PAGE ARTICLE REFLECTION. • ENGAGE IN ETHNOMETHODOLOGY AT HOME/SCHOOL (write review). • READ AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE CULTURE PACKET. • ANALYSIS OF MUSIC. • CONTINUUM OF TRAITS.

2. SOCIETY IS THE ORGANIZED INTERACTION OF PEOPLE THE VALUES, BELIEFS, BEHAVIOR, MATERIAL OBJECTS THAT CONSTITUTE A PEOPLE’S WAY OF LIFE (SHARED WAY OF LIFE)CULTURE IS MADE UP OF NONMATERIAL AND MATERIAL CULTURAL TRAITS

3. FOLLOW YOUR INSTINCTS AND YOU'LL BE "OK" NOTHING IS “INHERENTLY” NATURAL • MOST ANIMALS ARE DRIVEN BY INSTINCTS • WHO WOULD SURVIVE IN WOODS: 6 Y/O CHILD OR 1 Y/O DOG • ALL DOGS BEHAVE THE SAME • HUMANS RELY ON CULTURE TO ENSURE SURVIVAL • A RED AND/OR GREEN LIGHT • NO SINGLE HUMAN ACTS THE SAME

4. WEAR BLACK TO FUNERALS #13 IS BAD LUCK OPENLY KISS IN PUBLIC DRIVE ON RIGHT SIDE OF ROAD ALL CHILDREN ARE IMPORTANT WEAR WHITE TO FUNERALS #4 IS BAD LUCK DO NOT KISS IN PUBLIC DRIVE ON LEFT SIDE OF ROAD ONLY BOYS ARE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES AMONG AMERICANS AND CHINESE CULTURES

5. DO NOT CONFUSE CULTURE WITH SOCIETY. SOCIETY REFERS TO PEOPLE INTERACTING WITHIN A LIMITED TERRITORY GUIDED BY THEIR CULTURE.

6. NONMATERIAL CULTURE PRESENTS ITSELF AS A VALUE IN THIS CARTOON. IT IS GOOD TO CARE FOR OUR ENVIRONMENT.

7. WHAT CAN WE DETERMINE ABOUT THE UNITED STATES? ARTIFACTS THE TANGIBLE HUMAN CREATIONS MATERIAL CULTURE OF OTHER CULTURES IS JUST AS STRANGE AS THE NONMATERIAL WHAT DOES THE AUTOMOBILE TELL US ABOUT US VALUES? WE VALUE INDIVIDUALITY & INDEPENDENCE TECHNOLOGY KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY APPLIES TO THE TASK OF LIVING IN THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT WE CAN RESHAPE OUR ENVIRONMENT EASIER TECHNOLOGY IS BOTH GOOD & BAD (CLONING) LIVE PAST 75 YEARS OLD & HAVE MIRACLE CURES WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

9. Intimate sphere - very few things are tolerated here • Personal sphere - this where most of the everyday actions take place • Social sphere - e.g. cafeterias • Global sphere - the culture you live in, rules, regulations, habits etc. PROXEMICS THE DISTANCE PEOPLE WANT BETWEEN EACHOTHER • EVERYONE STAND UP & FIND SOMEONE YOU DON’T KNOW • DO YOU FEEL UNCOMFORTABLE WHEN PEOPLE ARE TOO CLOSE TO YOU WHEN TALKING? • HAVE YOU EVER OBSERVED HOW YOU STAND WHEN YOU’RE NERVOUS? • WHAT DO YOU NOTICE WHEN YOUR ON AN ELEVATOR?

10. CULTURE AND HUMAN INTELLIGENCE • PRIMATES HAVE THE LARGEST BRAINS (RELATIVE TO BODY SIZE) OF ALL LIVING CREATURES • 12 MILLION YEARS AGO PRIMATES DEVELOPED ALONG TWO DIFFERENT LINES (HUMANS AND APES)

11. IF THE WORLD WAS CREATED IN A YEAR! WHEN DID WE USE CULTURE TO SURVIVE CARL SAGAN EVOLUTION OF THE WORLD IN A YEAR • 3 MILLION YEARS AGO OUR ANCESTORS GRASPED THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CULTURE (STONE AGE) • USE FIRE, TOOLS, WEAPONS, BUILD SHELTERS, & USE CLOTHS • CIVILIZATION BASED ON PERMANENT SHELTERS & SPECIALIZED OCCUPATIONS STARTED IN THE MIDDLE EAST 12,000 YEARS AGO • GRADUALLY, CULTURE PUSHED ASIDE INSTINCT SO THAT HUMANS COULD FASHION THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT FOR THEMSLEVES • HUMAN BRAIN GREW LARGER

12. CULTURE SHOCK

13. CULTURE SHOCK UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE NORMALLY, WE TAKE CULTURE FOR GRANTED UNTIL THERE COMES A DAY WHEN WE EXPERIENCE... • DISORIENTATION DUE TO THE INABILITY TO MAKE SENSE OR “READ” MEANING IN TO ONE’S SURROUNDINGS • WE BELIEVE OUR WAY OF LIFE IS “NATURAL” BUT IT’S NOT • FOREIGN & REGIONAL TRAVELS • TRAVELER EXPERIENCES CULTURE SHOCK BECAUSE THINGS ARE UNFAMILIAR • TRAVELER INFLICTS CULTURE SHOCK ON OTHERS BY OFFENDING THEM

14. CULTURE SURE HAS A WAY OF CHANGING WHAT IS MEANT BY “GOING TO THE BEACH!” MOST CULTURES SHARE COMMON COMPONENTS. WE WILL NOW EXAMINE EACH IN TURN.

15. ANYTHING THAT CARRIES A PARTICULAR MEANING RECOGNIZED BY PEOPLE WHO SHARE CULTURE • REALITY FOR HUMANS IS FOUND IN THE MEANING THINGS CARRY WITH THEM • THE BASIS OF CULTURE • PEOPLE MUST BE MINDFUL THAT MEANINGS VARY FROM CULTURE TO CULTURE • MEANINGS CAN EVEN VARY GREATLY WITHIN THE SAME GROUPS OF PEOPLE • FUR COATS, CONFEDERATE FLAGS, ETC.

16. SYMBOLS CAN BE CONFUSING SYMBOLS ALLOW US TO MAKE SENSE OUT OF OUR LIVES • DON’T USE SYMBOLS IN AN UNCONVENTIONAL WAY • BURNING A FLAG • WATCH OUT FOR CULTURE SHOCK • I LOVE MY DOG BUT SOMEONE IN CHINA WANTS TO EAT MY DOG • ALTHOUGH WE ARE STARVING IN INDIA, DON’T EVEN THINK ABOUT HAVING A CHEESEBURGER • MISUNDERSTANDING SYMBOLIC GESTURES • DON’T EAT WITH YOUR LEFT HAND IN MUSLIM SOCIETIES BECAUSE THEY USE IT FOR BATHROOM HYGIENE • “A-OK” MEANS YOU’RE A ZERO IN FRANCE • A “THUMBS UP” MEANS “UP YOURS” IN AUSTRALIA AND IN IRAQ • PRESIDENT OF PANAMA TRIED TO HUG PRESIDENT CARTER & CARTER JUMPED BACK (= TO REFUSING A HANDSHAKE)

17. A SYSTEM OF SYMBOLS THAT ALLOWS PEOPLE TO COMMUNICATE WITH ONEANOTHER • CULTURAL TRANSMISSION • PASSING ON CULTURE • SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS • WE KNOW THE WORLD ONLY IN TERMS OF OUR LANGUAGE • LANGUAGE DETERMINES WHAT PEOPLE THINK AND PERCEIVE B/C LANGUAGE FORCES PEOPLE TO PERECEIVE THE WORLD IN CERTAIN TERMS • THE ONLY WAY I COULD FEEL MORE GAY IS IF I HAD A FAG!!!! • THE WORDS SUNSET AND/OR SUNDOWN HAS CONDITIONED THE HUMAN BRAIN • NON-VERBAL LANGUAGE • BEWARE OF USING GESTURES

18. UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL LANGUAGE • 15% OF AMERICANS ARE ILLITERATE • WESTERN SOCIETIES WRITE LEFT TO RIGHT AND IN NORTHERN AFRICA AND WESTERN ASIA THEY WRITE RIGHT TO LEFT • GM “NOVA” = “NO GO” • COOR’S PHRASE “TURN IT LOOSE” = “SUFFER FROM DIARRHEA” • AIRLINES “FLY IN LEATHER” = “FLY NAKED” • RESTRAUNT ADVERTISEMENT “IT TAKES A TOUGH MAN TO MAKE A TENDER CHICKEN” = “IT TAKES A SEXUALLY EXCITED MAN TO MAKE A CHICKEN AFFECTIONATE” • “Ich bin ein Berliner” = “I’m a Jelly Donut”

19. THEY CREATE OUR PERSONALITIES WE LEARN HOW TO THINK AND ACT ACCORDING TO APPROVED PRINCIPLES, TO PURSUE WORTHY GOALS, AND TO BELIEVE IN CULTURAL TRUTH (FAMILIES, FRIENDS, SCHOOLS AND RELIGION DO THIS) ABSTRACT STANDARDS IN A SOCIETY OR GROUP THAT DEFINE IDEAL PRINCIPLES CULTURALLY DEFINED STANDARDS THAT SERVE AS BROAD GUIDELINES FOR SOCIAL LIVING IT’S WHAT OUGHT TO BE, STANDARDS OF GOODNESS EX: LIBERTY/FREEDOM, FAMILY, CAREER SHARED IDEAS HELD COLLECTIVELY BY PEOPLE WITHIN A GIVEN CULTURE PARTICULAR MATTERS THAT INDIVIDUALS CONSIDER TO BE TRUE OR FALSE EX: BELIEF IN ONE GOD, NO GOD, MANY GODS EXAMPLES: If you value religion, you should believe in God. Because most U.S. adults share the value of providing equal opportunities for all, they believe a qualified woman could serve as president of the United States (Do We)?? Is it odd that some groups value their religion to such a degree that they believe they must kill others to defend it? VALUES BELIEFS THE IMPORTANCE OF VALUES AND BELIEFS

20. Life Objectives of First-Year College Students, 1969-2004:  Today's students are less interested in developing a philosophy of life and more interested in making money.

21. ROBIN WILLIAMS & TEN KEY VALUES IN US A FEW CORE AMERICAN VALUES AND INCONSISTENCIES THAT GO WITH THEM • EQUAL OPPORTUNITY • POS: EVERYONE SHOULD HAVE THE CHANCE TO GET AHEAD • NEG: DIFFERENT TALENTS MEAN SOME WILL BE SUCCESSFUL • ACHIEVEMENT AND SUCCESS • POS: U.S. ENCOURAGES COMPETITION AND REFLECTS WORTHINESS • NEG: IF YOU DON’T MAKE A NAME FOR YOURSELF, WHY ARE YOU HERE • RACISM AND GROUP SUPERIORITY • POS: COLOR, RACE AND SEX SHOULD NOT PLAY A ROLE • NEG: DESPITE MANY WORDS TO THE CONTRARY, IN AMERICA, WE VALUE WHITES, MALES AND THE UPPER CLASS (SOME MORE = THEN OTHERS) • INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM • POS: WE VALUE INDIVIDUALITY • NEG: DON’T STRAY TOO FAR FROM THE NORM, B/C WE SUPPORT COMFORMITY • MATERIAL COMFORT • PRO: WE SAY “MONEY WON’T BUY HAPPINESS.” • NEG: OUR GOAL IS TO ACQUIRE WEALTH

22. ROBIN WILLIAMS CONTINUED • ACTIVITY AND WORK • POS: DOERS AND THOSE THAT BELIEVE IN ACTION ARE ADMIRED (ACTION VS. REFLECTION) • NEG: WE VALUE THOSE THAT TRY TO CONTROL THEIR FATE RATHER THAN ACCEPT ONE’S FATE • PRACTICALITY AND EFFICIENCY • POS: WE VALUE THE PRACTICAL OVER THE THEORETICAL • NEG: WE APPRECIATE DOING THINGS NOT DREAMING ABOUT THINGS • PROGRESS • POS:WE ALWAYS BELIEVE THE PRESENT IS BETTER THAN THE PAST • NEG: THE LATEST AND GREATEST IS THE BEST (WE TEND TO REPEAT THE SAME MISTAKES ) • SCIENCE • POS: WE BELIEVE IN BEING RATIONAL AND USING SCIENCE TO SOLVE PROBLEMS (MEN) • NEG: WE DEVALUE EMOTIONS AND INTUITION (WOMEN) • DEMOCRACY AND FREE ENTERPRISE • POS: WE VALUE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, FREEDOMS, AND DEMOCRACY • NEG: WE FORCE OUR DEMOCRATIC IDEALS ON OTHERS • POS: WE VALUE OUR ECONOMY • NEG: WE DESTROY/INFLUENCE OTHER ECONOMIES TO PRESERVE OURS

23. VALUES: INCONSISTENCY AND CONFLICT • DO WE VALUE OUR INDIVIDUALITY OR IS THERE A FOCUS ON CONFORMITY? • DO WE HAVE TO COMPROMISE IN ORDER TO BELONG/BE ACCEPTED TO A GROUP? • WHY DO YOU OBEY YOUR PARENTS AND/OR LISTEN TO WHAT YOUR FRIENDS TELL YOU , USUALLY? • CAN INCONSISTENT VALUES IN HUMANS BE POSITIVE? • DEMONSTRATES THAT OUR CULTURE IS DIVERSE • ENCOURAGES CHANGE IN TRADITIONAL WAYS • CULTURE OF VICTIMIZATION VS. PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY HOMOSEXUALS DISCHARGED IN 1996

24. SPECIFIC CULTURAL EXPECTATIONS FOR HOW PEOPLE SHOULD BEHAVE IN A GIVEN SITUATION OR RULES BY WHICH SOCIETY GUIDES THE BEHAVIOR OF ITS MEMBERS NORMLESSNESS WOULD DESTROY US! • TYPES • PROSCRIPTIVE (THINGS NOT TO DO) • PRESCRIPTIVE (THINGS TO DO) • FURTHER REAKDOWN • WILLIAM SUMNER • MORES (RIGHT AND WRONG): MORALLY SIGNIFICANT; TABOOS • FOLKWAYS (RIGHT AND RUDE): LESS SERIOUS OFFENSES Taking off your hat to escape the heat is different from taking off your hat to satisfy an obligation. The former is a regularity and the latter is a norm. LAWS ARE NORMS WHICH CAN BE ENFORCED BY AGENTS OF THE STATE.

25. WHY DO WE CARE ABOUT A HICKIE? • SOCIAL CONTROL • MEANS BY WHICH MEMBERS OF SOCIETY ENCOURAGE CONFORMITY TO NORMS • REINFORCING EVERYDAY BASIC RULES (NORMS) GOVERN BEHAVIORS • POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SANCTIONS • CONFORMING BRINGS PRAISE • NONCONFORMITY BRINGS PAIN • GUILT: JUDGING OURSELVES • SHAME: PUBLIC DISAPPROVAL • ONLY CULTURAL CREATURES CAN EXPERIENCE THIS QUIET PLEASE…I DON’T WANT ANY KIND OF SOCIAL CONTROL TO REACH OUT AND GRAB ME!

26. MULTICULTURALISM AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM RECOGNIZING PAST AND PRESENT CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN U.S. SOCIETY AND PROMOTING THE EQUALITY OF ALL CULTURAL TRADITIONS • THE EARLY ENGLISH MAJORITY ESTABLISHED ENGLISH AS THE DOMINANT LANGUAGE AND SET UP SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS BASED ON THE BRITISH ECONOMY, LEGAL SYSTEM, AND RELIGIONS • NON-ENGLISH MINORITY HAD TO CONFORM OR DWINDLE AWAY • EXPECTED TO ASPIRE & BE JUDGED BY ENGLISH WAYS • EUROCENTRISM: THE DOMINANCE OF EUROPEAN CULTURAL PATTERNS (ENGLISH) • PEOPLE OF NATIVE AMERICAN & AFRICAN DESCENT ARE NOT RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR ACHIEVEMENT • NATIVE AMERICANS WERE THE FIRST PEOPLE IN THE “NEW WORLD” • CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND OTHER EUROPEANS UNLEASHED DOMINATION AND DEATH FROM WAR AND DISEASE, NOT A BETTER LIFE STYLE • AFROCENTRISM: THE DOMINANCE OF AFRICAN CULTURAL PATTERNS • THEY WERE ENSLAVED BY EUROPEANS FOR YEARS • STRESS AFRICAN CULTURE TO BLACKS OVER WHITE CULTURE • CURRENT PROBLEMS WITH MULTICULTURAL VIEW: • DOES THIS ENCOURAGE DIVISION RATHER THAN UNITY BY URGING INDIVIDUALS TO IDENTIFY WITH THEIR OWN CATEGORY RATHER THAN WITH THE NATION AS A WHOLE (RACIAL SEGREGATION)? ENGLISH IS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE WHERE'S THE MELTING POT?

28. THERE ARE TIMES WHEN CULTURAL DIVERSITY IS GOOD FOR A SOCIETY, AS WELL AS TIMES WHEN IT SEEMS TO WORK AGAINST “THE GRAIN” • SUBCULTURES • GROUPS WHOSE CULTURAL PATTERNS SET THEM APART FROM WIDER SOCIETY • ARE YOU A PART OF ONE CULTURE OR MANY SUBCULTURES? • RELIGIOUS GROUPS, ATHLETES, COWBOYS • YUGOSLAVIA WAS THE SIZE OF WYOMING • 25 MILLION PEOPLE, 3 RELIGIONS, 2 ALPHABETS, 4 LANG, 5 NATIONALITIES, 6 POLT REPUB, INFLUENCED BY 7 COUNTRIES • COUNTERCULTURES • GROUPS WHOSE CULTURAL PATTERNS ARE AT GREAT ODDS WITH WIDER SOCIETY • RADICAL MILITIA GROUPS, THE KLAN, THE SKINS, HIPPIES

29. CULTURE CHANGES IN ONE OF TWO WAYS: • CULTURE INTEGRATION (cell phones) • THE CLOSE RELATIONSHIP AMONG VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF A CULTURAL SYSTEM • CHANGE IN ONE PART OF CULTURE (COMPUTERS) MAY LEAD TO CHANGES IN OTHER PARTS OF CULTURE (LANGUAGE) • WOMEN JOINING THE WORK FORCE HAS CHANGED FAMILY PATTERNS (DIVORCE RATE, CRIME, LATER MARRIAGES) • CULTURE LAG • SOME CULTURAL ELEMENTS CHANGE MORE QUICKLY THAN OTHERS, WHICH MAY DSRUPT A CULTURAL SYSTEM • NONMATERIAL NORMALLY “LAGS” BEHIND, WHILE MATERIAL (TECHNOLOGY) SPEEDS AHEAD AT ALARMING RATES • HOW ARE WE TO APPLY THE TRADITIONAL NOTIONS OF MOTHERHOOD AND FATHERHOOD IN A CULTURE WHERE ONE WOMAN CAN GIVE BIRTH TO A CHILD USING ANOTHER WOMAN’S EGG, WHICH HAS BEEN FERTILIZED IN A LABORATORY WITH THE SPERM OF A TOTAL STRANGER?

30. THE PRACTICE OF JUDGING ANOTHER CULTURE BY THE STANDARDS OF ONE’S OWN CULTURE BELIEVING THAT OUR CULTURE IS SUPERIOR TO OTHER CULTURES HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE JOBS? DO YOU GIVE THE MONEY YOU EARN TO YOUR FAMILY? WHY ARE CRAFTS AND OTHER ITEMS SO CHEAP IN THIRD-WORLD COUNTRIES? MANY OF THE PRODUCTS PRODUCED BY CHILDREN (5-6) POOR FAMILIES RELY ON THEIR CHILDREN’S INCOME TO SURVIVE AMERICANS BELIEVE CHILDHOOD IS A TIME OF INNOCENCE AND FREEDOM, WITH NO STRESS WHAT ONE CULTURE FINDS NORMAL, ANOTHER CULTURE MAY FIND IT CRUEL AND STRANGE WHO REPRESENTS THE “FAR EAST” AND THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (MAP)? THE PRACTICE OF JUDGING A CULTURE BY ITS OWN STANDARDS MUST UNDERSTAND VALUES AND NORMS OF THE OTHER CULTURE AND ALSO DISREGARD OUR OWN VIRTUALLY ANY KIND OF BEHAVIOR IS PRACTICED SOMEWHERE IN THE WORLD, BUT DOES THAT MEAN EVERYTHING IS EQUALLY RIGHT? CONFUCIUS, A CHINESE PHILOSPHER SAID, “ALL PEOPLE ARE THE SAME; IT’S ONLY THEIR HABITS THAT ARE DIFFERENT!” ETHNOCENTRISM CULTURAL RELATIVISM

31. STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS • DEPICTS CULTURE AS A COMPLEX STRATEGY FOR MEETING HUMAN NEEDS • BELIEVES CULTURAL VALUES GIVE MEANING TO LIFE AND BIND PEOPLE TOGETHER CULTURAL UNIVERSALS TRAITS COMMON TO EVERY KNOWN CULTURE • THE FAMILY • THE CONTROL OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION & CHILD REARING • FUNERAL RITES • COMFORT AND CONTINUITY FOR THE LIVING • HUMOR • SAFETY VALVE FOR SOCIAL TENSIONS • DEVIANCE • REMEMBER, EVEN IN A GROUP OF SAINTS DEVIANCE WOULD EXIST GEORGE MURDOCK

32. SOCIAL-CONFLICT ANALYSIS • All cultural traits benefit some members of society at the expense of others • Why do certain values dominate a society in the first place (wealth) • Materialism: a society’s system of material production has a powerful effect on the rest of a culture • Our competitive values have evolved from a capitalistic economy • Taught to think that the rich and powerful have more talent and energy than others and are deserving (discourages reducing economic disparity) • Change to the status quo will be demanded (civil rights, health care) • Many will defend the status quo, but why? • What do we and/or the elite really value; equality or wealth?

33. Sociobiology Analysis • A theoretical paradigm that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture • This paradigm rest on Darwin’s theory of evolution: • All living things live to reproduce • The blueprints for reproduction is in the genes (carries traits to new generations) • Random variations in genes allows some to acquire advantages over others • Genetic patterns that promote reproduction survive and become dominant • Species adapt to their environment and dominant traits emerge as the “nature” of the organism • What does this all mean?

34. DOUBLE STANDARD” • Men: sperm is renewable throughout life • Could fertilize every women on the planet • Women: egg is not renewable (born with a certain number) • A woman can only bear a small number of children • Men reproduce their genes most efficiently by being promiscuous (readily having sex) • This is counter to a woman’s reproductive interests • Women must carefully select a mate whose qualities will contribute to their child’s survival (man sticks around) • The double standard exists around the world b/c women and men tend toward distinctive reproductive strategies • Some would say the DS is natural • Historical domination over women is also the cause

35. DOES CULTURE BIND US TOGETHER OR ENCOURAGE INDIVIDUALITY? WE ONLY KNOW OUR WORLD IN TERMS OF OUR CULTURE CULTURE IS OFTEN FORMED BY HABBITS WHICH WE REPEAT RACISM AND PREJUDICE THE MEDIA OFTEN SHAPES CULTURE ARE WE MANIPULATED TO HELP THEM PROFIT SOCIETY INSISTS ON COMPETATIVE ACHIEVEMENT & FREEDOM ISOLATES US FROM OTHERS DIVERTED FROM SECURITY AND SATISFACTION OF CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS HUMAN COMMUNITY OF SUPPORT IS DEPRIVED CULTURE IS EVER-CHANGING AND OFFERS AMPLE OPPORTUNITIES LOTS OF HOPE AND CREATIVE CHOICE DUE TO CULTURE AND DIVERSITY THE GREATER WE UNDERSTAND OUR CULTURE THE EASIER IT IS TO DECIDE HOW TO CHANGE IT CULTURE AS CONSTRAINT CULTURE AS FREEDOM

36. Critical Analysis of Music in Popular Culture A. Listen carefully to the words of a popular song (possibly a controversial song). 1. AN APPROPRIATE SONG WOULD BE NICE! B. Think about what cultural undertones are verbalized in the lyrics. 1. How does the song relate to our culture and how does it differ? C. Analyze the song from a sociological perspective: 1. Culture as freedom or constraint, cultural universals vs. culturally confined, ethnocentric vs. cultural relativism, cultural integration and culture lag, subculture vs. counterculture, popular vs. high culture, ideal vs. real culture, social control, norms (pre vs. pro), values and beliefs, language (sapir whorf) and symbols, culture shock, material vs. non-material cultural traits D. Requirements for the paper: 1. One page, single spaced, 12 font, times new roman. 2. The more comprehensive (all inclusive) the analysis, the higher your grade. E. Grading: 1. Appropriateness and sharing song with class = 10pts 2. Analysis from a sociological standpoint = 40pts 3. Total = 50pts

37. DIVERSITY IN CULTURE • IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION • EACH YEAR OVER 1 MILLION PERSONS HAVE COME TO THE UNITED STATES • ONE OF THE MOST MULTICULTURAL COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD • MONOCULTURAL IS THE OPPOSITE • EXAMPLE: JAPAN • PATCHWORK QUILT • TERMS USED TO DESCRIBE OUR LAND OF DIFFERENCES • DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF CULTURE • HIGH CULTURE (Violin) • CULTURAL PATTERNS FOUND WITHIN A SOCIETY’S ELITE GROUPS • POPULAR CULTURE (Fiddle) • PATTERNS THAT ARE WIDESPREAD

38. IDEAL VS. REAL CULTURE • DESCRIBE THE PERFECT RELATIONSHIP/MARRIAGE: • IDEAL CULTURE • SOCIAL PATTERNS MANDATED BY VALUES AND NORMS • REAL CULTURE • ACTUAL SOCIAL PATTERNS THAT ONLY APPROXIMATE CUTLURAL EXPECTATIONS • MARRIAGE AS AN EXAMPLE: • HOW “REAL” ARE THE FOLLOWING IDEAL SOCIAL PATTERNS? • OPEN LINES OF COMMUNICATION - OR CLOSED? • LOVING RELATIONSHIP - OR ABUSE? • “IN GOOD TIMES AND IN BAD” - OR DIVORCE? • EQUITY IN GENDER ROLES - OR LITTLE SHARING? • FIDELITY IS IMPORTANT IN A MARRIAGE BUT WE DO CHEAT • 25% OF MEN AND 10% OF FEMALES CHEAT (1994)