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Multimedia and the Web

11 th Edition. TODAY AND TOMORROW. 10. Multimedia and the Web. CHAPTER. Learning Objectives. Define Web-based multimedia and list some advantages and disadvantages of using multimedia.

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Multimedia and the Web

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  1. 11th Edition TODAY AND TOMORROW • 10 Multimedia and the Web CHAPTER Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  2. Learning Objectives • Define Web-based multimedia and list some advantages and disadvantages of using multimedia. • Describe each of the following multimedia elements—text, graphics, animation, audio, and video—and tell how they differ. • Briefly describe the basic steps and principles involved with multimedia Web site design. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  3. Learning Objectives, Cont’d • List the various tasks involved with multimedia Web site development. • Explain how markup languages, scripting languages, and other tools are used today to create multimedia Web pages. • Discuss the possible format of Web-based multimedia in the future. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  4. Overview • This chapter covers: • Types of Web-based multimedia applications and advantages and disadvantages of using multimedia • A look at basic multimedia elements • Steps and principles in designing multimedia sites • How a multimedia Web site is developed and tested • A look at the future of Web-based multimedia Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  5. What Is Web-Based Multimedia? • Web-based multimedia: Web sites containing more than one type of media—typically sound, video, or animation, in addition to text and images • Multimedia sites typically contain interactive elements that users interact with directly (control the delivery of a sound or video clip, manipulate a 3D object, play a game) • Fast computers and broadband Internet connections make Web-based multimedia much more feasible than in the past Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  6. Web-Based Multimedia Applications • Information delivery (photos of products, video clips, animation to convey concepts, etc.) • E-commerce (photos of products, samples of movies and music, etc.) • Can use virtual reality (VR) to convey three-dimensional views of products, homes for sale, etc. • Entertainment (online games, video clips, online music, interactive activities, etc.) • Web-based training (WBT) (delivering instruction via the Web Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  7. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  8. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Web-Based Multimedia • Advantages • Can address a variety of learning styles • Visual learners • Auditory learners • Kinesthetic learners • Material more interesting and enjoyable • Many ideas are easier to convey • Disadvantages • Development cost • Amount of storage space required • Compatibility and download time for Web-based multimedia Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  9. Multimedia Elements • Text is used to supply basic content, as well as to add text-based menus and hyperlinks • Serif typefaces: more readable, used for large bodies of text • Sans serif typefaces: used for titles, headings, Web page banners • Different typefaces can convey widely different feelings and impressions • Important to select the appropriate font size • When a consistent text appearance is required—such as a logo—a graphical image is used instead Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  10. Multimedia Elements • Graphics: digital representations of a photograph, drawing, chart, or other visual image • Clip art: predrawn electronic images • Included with some software programs • Available for free via the Web • Can be purchased individually or in collections • Stock photographs: photographs available for purchase • Various graphic formats (TIF, GIF, BMP, JPEG, PNG, etc.) Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  11. Multimedia Elements, Cont’d • GIF: graphics format that supports 256 colors, commonly used for Web page line art images • Can be transparent • Can be interlaced • Uses lossless file compression Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  12. Multimedia Elements, Cont’d • JPEG: supports true color and is commonly used for photographs inserted in Web pages • Can be progressive • Uses lossy file compression • The amount of compression is specified when the file is saved Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  13. Multimedia Elements, Cont’d • PNG: designed specifically for use with Web page images • Lossless compression • Can use color palette or true color • Still not widely used • Choosing a graphic format • GIF—typically used for line art (clip art, logos, etc.) • JPEG—typically used for photographs • Select the most appropriate format • For JPEG, balance compression quality and file size Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  14. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  15. Multimedia Elements, Cont’d • Thumbnail image: small image on a Web page that is linked to a larger, higher-resolution image • Used to save loading time since only users who click the thumbnail view the full-quality image Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  16. Multimedia Elements • Animation: a series of graphical images are displayed in succession to simulate movement • Java applet: small program inserted into a Web page that performs a specific task • Animated GIF: group of GIF images saved as an animated GIF file, inserted in a Web page; images are displayed successively to simulate movement • For more complex animations, developers can use JavaScript or another scripting language • Multimedia authoring software can be used to create multimedia elements Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  17. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  18. Multimedia Elements • Audio: sound (music, spoken voice, sound effects) • Can be recorded using a microphone or MIDI instrument; it can also be captured from CDs or downloaded from the Internet • Often played when an event occurs on a Web page or when the visitor clicks a link • Often streaming audio to speed up delivery • Common audio file formats: • .wav • .mp3 • .midi • .aiff • .aac Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  19. Multimedia Elements • Video: continuous stream of visual information broken into separate images or frames to be displayed successively to simulate the original event • Requires a great deal of storage space • Usually compressed to save room • Streaming video is frequently used on Web pages to speed up delivery • Common video formats: • .avi • .mpeg • .mov • .rm Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  20. Multimedia Web Site Design • Web site design refers to planning what a Web site will look like and how it will work • Good planning pays off in the long run • Basic design principles • Users like interesting and exciting applications • Users have little patience with slow-to-load or hard-to-use applications • Plan for all needed delivery methods and access devices Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  21. Multimedia Web Site Design • Basic design principles, cont’d • Set up the site so it can be used with as many different configurations as possible Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  22. Multimedia Web Site Design, Cont’d • Basic design principles, cont’d • Careful consideration should be given to • Features that require a specific browser • Features that require little used plug-ins • The size of the page content • High-bandwidth items Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  23. Determining the Intended Audience and Objectives • One of the first steps in designing a multimedia application or Web site • Objectives of the site affect its content • Intended audience affects the appearance (such as the style, graphics, fonts, and colors) of the site • Once the objectives and audience have been identified, you should have a good idea of the main topics to be included in the site • If the needed content is still unclear, rethink your audience and objectives and don’t go further in the process until it become clear Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  24. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  25. Using Flowcharts, Page Layouts, and Storyboards • Used to design the structure and layout of a site • Flowcharts: show how the pages in a Web site relate to one another • Page layouts: show the basic layout of the pages on a Web site • Typically one for the home page and one for the rest of the pages on the site • Storyboards: illustrate the content of an animated sequence or other multimedia component Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  26. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  27. Navigational Design Considerations • Users should be able to get to most pages on the site within three mouse clicks • Navigational items should be placed in the same location on every page • Each page should have a link to the home page of the site • Navigational tools can be used to aid navigation • Image-based navigation bars • Image maps • Frames • Hyperlinks show options as pointed to • Drop-down menus • Site maps • Search boxes • Text-based hyperlinks and navigation bars Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  28. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  29. Access Considerations • Device compatibility • Web pages display differently on different devices • Some mobile devices display wireless markup language (WML) pages instead of HTML • Need to consider these devices when designing and creating Web pages Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  30. Access Considerations, Cont’d • Assistive technology: hardware and software designed for use by individuals with physical disabilities • Affects Web design because less clicking and scrolling is easier and some devices cannot read graphics • Rehabilitation Act requires federal agences to have accessible Web pages • Accessibility tips: • Use alternative text description for all images • Use meaningful text-based hyperlinks • Use alternative content for Flash, JavaScript, and other types of animated elements • Consider creating an alternate text-based page • Keep readability in mind Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  31. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  32. Multimedia Web Site Development • Once a Web site has been designed, it is time to create it, a process called Web site development • Three basic steps • Creating the multimedia elements • Creating the Web site • Testing, publishing, and maintaining the site Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  33. Creating the Multimedia Elements • Create all of the individual multimedia elements that will be used in the site • Usually several different software programs are used, such as: • Graphics software • Animation software • Audio editing software • Video editing software • Each element should be saved in the appropriate size, resolution, and file format Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  34. Creating the Web Site • Markuplanguage: a language that uses symbols or tags to describe what a document should look like when it is displayed in a Web browser • Most Web sites are created with a markup language • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): the original markup language • Uses HTML tags to indicate where effects and elements belong in the Web page • Some tags are paired • The computer and browser being used still determines exactly how the Web page will display Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  35. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  36. Creating the Web Site, Cont’d • Extensible Markup Language (XML): a set of rules for exchanging data over the Web; addresses the content but not the formatting • Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML): a newer version of HTML based on XML; controls the appearance and format of a Web page like HTML • Stricter rules than HTML • Is beginning to replace HTML Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  37. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  38. Creating the Web Site, Cont’d • Dynamic HTML (DHTML): used to add dynamic capabilities and interactivity to Web pages • Wireless Markup Language (WML): used to create Web pages to be displayed on WAP-enabled devices, such as smart phones • ScalableVectorGraphics (SVG): used to describe vector-based images that are to be displayed scalable (in different sizes) on Web pages to match the browser window size Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  39. Creating the Web Site, Cont’d • Scripting language: allow the inclusion of scripts (instructions) in the Web page code • JavaScript (resembles the Java programming language) • VBScript (based on Microsoft’s Visual Basic programming language) • Perl (used to write CGI scripts to process data input via a Web page • AJAX: a new set of Web standards to create faster and more efficient interactive Web applications Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  40. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  41. Creating the Web Site, Cont’d • Other content development tools • ActiveX: a set of controls that can be used to create interactive Web pages • Extends OLE to integrate content from two or more programs • Allows a variety of types of Windows files to be viewed via Web pages • Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML): language to create 3D Web pages • Newest version is called X3D • MHTML (MIME HTML): a format for transferring all the elements of a Web site together as a single file Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  42. Creating the Web Site, Cont’d • Web site authoring software: used to create Web pages and complete Web sites • Automatically generates the appropriate HTML statements • Allows you to create an entire cohesive Web site, not just individual pages • Allows you to easily include • Forms and database connectivity for more dynamic interactions with your visitors • Other helpful development tools, such as tests for broken links and accessibility tests Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  43. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  44. Testing, Publishing, and Maintaining the Site • Hyperlinks should be clicked to ensure they take the user to the proper location • Every possible action that could take place with an animated element should be tested • Proofread each page or screen carefully • Consider a “stress test” • Update content and check links on a regular basis • XHTML Web pages can be checked with an XHTML validator Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  45. Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  46. The Future of Web-Based Multimedia • Web-based multimedia will be more exciting and more embedded into everyday events than today • New types of multimedia will likely be developed to fit our growing need for mobile content • As Internet users keep moving to broadband, expect to see multimedia sites and tv merge closer together • Game boxes (Xbox, Sega Dreamcast 2, and Sony PlayStation 2) already have built-in Internet and multimedia capabilities • Interactive TV and video-on-demand may soon be the norm on the Web Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

  47. Summary • What Is Web-Based Multimedia? • Multimedia Elements • Multimedia Web Site Design • Multimedia Web Site Development • The Future of Web-Based Multimedia Chapter 10 Understanding Computers, 11th Edition

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