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IASI measurements of biomass burning and volcanic plumes

NH 3. C 2 H 4. CH 3 OH. IASI measurements of biomass burning and volcanic plumes. Pierre Coheur , Daniel Hurtmans, Lieven Clarisse. Cathy Clerbaux, Solène Turquety, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro,. Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, 

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IASI measurements of biomass burning and volcanic plumes

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  1. NH3 C2H4 CH3OH IASI measurements of biomass burning and volcanic plumes Pierre Coheur, Daniel Hurtmans, Lieven Clarisse Cathy Clerbaux, Solène Turquety, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Chimie Quantique et Photophysique,  Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgique Service d'Aéronomie / CNRS, IPSL, Université Paris 6 Paris, France P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  2. CO2 Inter hemispheric mixing: ~1 year hemispheric mixing: ~1-2 months PBL mixing: ~few hours Measurements and Products Long-lived species (years)  Climate + CO, O3 (months)  Chemistry (C. Clerbaux tuesday) CFCs Short-lived species (days/weeks) and aerosols P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  3. IASI instrument MetOp: First European meteorological platform on polar orbit (EPS system) MetOP IASI Nadir looking FTS IASI MetOp • 12 km pixel x 4 @ nadir • 120 spectra along the swath (±48.3° Scan 2400 km), each 50 km along the trace • Spectral coverage = 645-2760 cm-1 • Spectral resolution = 0.5 cm-1 • Radiometric noise ~ <0.1-0.2 K Small ground pixel size Broad spectral coverage without gaps Global coverage twice daily (morning and evening orbits) Medium spectral resolution Excellent radiometric performances P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  4. Objectives IASI measurements of short-lived species Trace species in biomass burning plumes SO2/aerosols in volcanic plumes P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  5. Fire plumes Burnt areas Fires in Southern Europe in Summer 2007 868 252 ha burned in 14 countries (EFFIS/JRC) Countries most affected: Greece: 270 563 ha; Italy: 153 884 ha; Albania: 127 880 ha; Bulgaria: 67 747 ha; Spain: 55956 ha P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  6. Fire plumes Fires in Southern Europe in Summer 2007 Greece: 270 563 ha have burned during the summer, releasing large amounts of trace gases and aerosols Aerosol measurements from space by OMI/Aura Aerosol index OMI gridded 1x1 : Credit S. Turquety (SA) P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  7. Fire plumes Fires in Southern Europe in Summer 2007 IASI NRT CO-profile measurements from ULB/SA processing 2 × day Rapid transport across the Mediterranean and across North Africa Transport pathways consistent with OMI aerosol measurements P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  8. Fire plumes Fires in Southern Europe in Summer 2007 IASI NRT CO-profile measurements from ULB/SA processing 4 ppm 15 ppm 3 ppm 2 ppm Remarkably high CO concentrations with peak at low altitude (< 2 km) Note: Peak altitude questionable due to weak sensitivity to the surface. However, consistent with Calipso aerosol profiles P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  9. Fire plumes Fires in Southern Europe in Summer 2007 Plume composition Ammonia (NH3) Ethene (C2H4) and methanol (CH3OH) P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  10. Fire plumes Fires in Southern Europe in Summer 2007 Plume composition Total column retrievals for August 25 molecules cm-2 NH3  Chemistry in the fire plume molecules cm-2 C2H4 molecules cm-2 CH3OH Total emitted mass: NH3 = 40 kTons C2H4 = 6.5 kTons CH3OH = 7 kTons  Atmospheric budgets P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  11. Fire plumes AM PM Fires in Boreal regions in Spring/Summer 2008 MODIS fire counts (red dots) for April 18, 2008 April/May 2008: Russia worst forest fires in 30 years IASI short-lived species in the fire plume NH3 P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  12. Objectives IASI measurements of short-lived species Trace species in biomass burning plumes SO2/aerosols in volcanic plumes P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  13. Volcano plumes SO2 Plume composition L. Clarisse, ACPD, 2008 Outside of plume 30/09/2007 18:48 SO2-ν1 SO2-ν3 Jebel-at-Tair Inside of plume Sensitive to high and low altitude plumes Sensitive –highly–to high altitude plumes only Use for aerial security P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  14. Volcano plumes Aerosols Plume composition L. Clarisse, ACPD, 2008 30/09/2007 18:48 Jebel-at-Tair Sept./Oct. 2007 ICE Jebel-at-Tair AVHRR ASH SO2 Chaiten, Chile May 2008 Ash P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  15. Volcano plumes IASI Tracking SO2 plumes Etna (Sicily), July 2008 July 10  July 12, 2008 GOME-2 P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  16. Volcano plumes Tracking SO2 plumes Etna (Sicily), July 2008 Benefit of different platforms IASI AIRS ± 3 hours July 10, 8 PM July 11, 0 AM July 11, 9 AM July 11, 12 AM One day July 11, 6 PM July 11, 9 PM July 12, 6 AM July 12, 9 AM P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  17. Volcano plumes Tracking SO2 plumes from degassing volcanoes Kilauea (Hawaii), May 2008 Use of SO2n1 to increase sensitivity to the surface (<5 km) Sensitivity down to less than 1 DU P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  18. Conclusions • IASI • Small pixel size • Global Earth’s coverage twice daily • Wide spectral coverage • Low radiometric noise NRT-identification and tracking of pollution plumes • Fires • Can best be followed on the global scale from CO profile distributions. • Reveals –for some events– signatures of a series of short-lived species including NH3 and organic species • Potential for improving some atmospheric budgets • Potential for performing in-depth chemistry studies in the fire plumes • Volcanoes • Can best be tracked using SO2 signatures. • n3 band provides high sensitivity to high-altitude clouds. Dedicated filter in n3 has been developed for operational monitoring (no false alerts since January 2008 while identifying all major eruptions: Etna, Chaiten, Sulawesi, Okmok, Kasatochi). • n1 band provides information for degassing volcanoes (Kilauea) • Continuous spectral channels provides information on volcanic aerosols (ice and ash). P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

  19. July 2008 eruptions in Alaska Okmok July 12  July 23, 2008 Kasatochi SO2 plume seen for more than a month after the eruption P.F. Coheur. 7th AT2, Helsinki, September 30 - October1 2008

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