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Cells: Structure & function

Learn about the fascinating world of cells, the basic unit of all living things. Discover the structure and function of various cell components like the nucleus, mitochondria, and cell membrane. Explore how cells respond to changing water conditions and the mechanisms of diffusion and osmosis.

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Cells: Structure & function

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  1. Cells: Structure & function

  2. 1. What are cells? 2. Cells are the basic unit of ALL living things 3. “cell” was coined by Robert Hooke viewing cork cells

  3. 1. What are cells? 2. Cells come in many sizes (mm – nm)

  4. 1. What are cells? 2. All cells share these traits 3. a cell membrane 3. Cytoplasm 3. DNA (genetic material)

  5. 1. What are cells? 2. Cells are classified 3. Prokaryotic cells have NO nucleus 3. Eukaryotic cells HAVE a nucleus

  6. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 2. Cytoplasm 3. Thick fluid contains nutrients & organelles 3. Contains cytoskeleton

  7. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 2. Cytoskeleton 3. Contains filaments & fibers 4. Supports cell shape 4. Helps to move materials

  8. 3. Control center of cell 3. Contains 4. Chromosomes (chromatin) 4. Nucleolus 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 2. Nucleus

  9. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? • 3. Forms ribosomes 2. Nucleolus

  10. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 2. Ribosomes 3. Make proteins

  11. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 2. Cell membrane 3. Controls what goes in & out of cell

  12. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 2.Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. RER transports (like a highway) 3. Ribosomes attached to surface

  13. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 3. No attached ribosomes 3. Has enzymes that help build lipid molecules 2. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

  14. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 2. Golgi body • 3.Packaging & shipping station of cell

  15. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 2. Mitochondria 3.Have their own DNA 3.Bound by double membrane

  16. 3. Break down fuel molecules (cellular respiration) • Glucose • Fatty acids 3. Release energy • ATP

  17. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 2. Lysosomes • 3. Contain enzymes • 3. Functions • Break down old cell parts

  18. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 2. Centrioles • 3. Pairs of microtubular structures • 3. Play a role in cell division • 3. Animal cells

  19. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? • 2. Cell Walls • 3.Found in plants, fungi, & many protists 3. Supports & protects cell

  20. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 2. Chloroplasts 3.Carries out photosynthesis 3.Makes cellular food – glucose

  21. 1. How do cell structures help the cell? 2. Vacuoles • 3. Membrane bound storage sacs • 3. More common in plants than animals • 4. Contents • Water • Food • wastes

  22. 1. What is the job of the cell membrane and how is it organized? • Function: • Regulates what goes in and out of cells

  23. 1. What is the job of the cell membrane and how is it organized? 2. 2 main parts: 3. Phospholipid bilayer 3. Proteins

  24. 1. What is the job of the cell membrane and how is it organized? 2. Phospholipid bilayer: 2 layers 3. Outside=hydrophilic : likes water 3. Inside=hydrophobic : hates water

  25. 1. What is the job of the cell membrane and how is it organized? • Proteins • 3. transporters, receptors, enzymes & anchors

  26. 1. What is the job of the cell membrane and how is it organized? • Proteins • 3. transporters, receptors, enzymes & anchors

  27. 1. What is the job of the cell membrane and how is it organized? 2. Fluid Mosaic Model describes how: 3. membrane molecules move 3.there are many types of molecules

  28. 1. Why do cow barns smell worse on warm days? • Diffusion: • Movement of particles from greater to lesser concentration

  29. 1. Why do cow barns smell worse on warm days? 2. Molecules eventually reach equilbrium

  30. 1. Why do cow barns smell worse on warm days? 2. Several factors impact the speed of diffusion 3. heat 3. motion 3. concentration

  31. 1. Why do cow barns smell worse on warm days? 2. Gases diffuse in and out of cells 3. O2, CO2 because they are SMALL

  32. 1. Why do cow barns smell worse on warm days? • Large molecules move through protein channels • 3. Facilitated diffusion: no ATP energy/with concentration gradient • 3. active transport: uses ATP energy/ • against concentration gradient

  33. 1. How do cells respond to changing water conditions? 2. Water moves in and out of a cell by osmosis (water diffusion) SALT SUCKS!!!!!

  34. 1. How do cells respond to changing water conditions? 2. Cells can… 3. take in water 3. maintain water 3. lose water

  35. 1. How do cells respond to changing water conditions? 2. Osmosis depends on the concentrations of solutes (salts) 3. Hypotonic= less salts/more water 3. Isotonic= equal salts 3. Hypertonic= more salts/less water

  36. 1. How do cells respond to changing water conditions? 2. Examples of osmosis 3. wilting celery – lost water; crisp celery up- gain water 3. swollen ankle will lose water to Epsom salt bath

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