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An Overview of Old Testament History Lecture 2

An Overview of Old Testament History Lecture 2. By L. Timothy Myers Butler Community College. Introduction. Salvation History The Nature of God One, Sovereign, Transcendent, and Good Names for God Yahweh Elohim El Shaddai Adonai. Introduction. The Nature of Man

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An Overview of Old Testament History Lecture 2

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  1. An Overview of Old Testament HistoryLecture 2 By L. Timothy Myers Butler Community College

  2. Introduction • Salvation History • The Nature of God • One, Sovereign, Transcendent, and Good • Names for God • Yahweh • Elohim • El Shaddai • Adonai

  3. Introduction • The Nature of Man • Image and likeness of God • Free moral agent • We are to love others because people have the image of God in them • The Covenant • It is a contract • It is Israel’s constitution and is what made them into a nation • It carries a missionary obligation

  4. Introduction • The Law • The Law(s) are the specifics of the covenant • The Law is divided into three areas: • Moral law • Civil law • Ceremonial law • There is to be no partiality before the Law • People are more important than property

  5. Introduction • The Role of the Prophets • They acted as Israel’s historians – they interpreted events in light of the Covenant • They “foretold” and “forthtold” events • They stressed the direct spiritual-ethical encounter between the individual and God • They were greatly concerned about social justice

  6. Creation • Even though Genesis does deal with the creation of the universe, its main purpose is to trace the origins of the nation of Israel • Even though the first eleven chapters are problematic to modern readers, it nevertheless is a giant leap forward in regards of explaining the origins of the universe as opposed to the creation myths of the Ancient Near East

  7. Creation • God creates in an orderly fashion without violence or bloodshed • Everything He creates is good • Mankind is the pinnacle of God’s creation • He is made in His image • He is able to fellowship with God • He is a free moral agent

  8. Creation • The Fall • Explains the origins of evil • Essentially sin is man trying to be his own god • The Flood • Result of mankind’s evil • The Noah story is found in many Ancient Near Eastern cultures • The Sumerians date their history before/after the flood

  9. Creation • The Tower of Babel • The tower was probably a ziggurat • Explains the origins of languages and cultures • Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob • Amorite = Hebrew • Abrahamic Covenant = land, seed, and blessing • Joseph story • Explains how Israelites went to Egypt • Fits into known Egyptian history with the coming of the Hyksos

  10. The Exodus • The Hyksos • Moses and the Plagues • Some can be explained scientifically • However they are to show that Yahweh is more powerful than all the Egyptian gods put together • The Crossing of the Red Sea – 1446 B. C. • It can be explained scientifically • There are several possible routes

  11. Exodus • The Giving of the Law • The Tabernacle and the Priesthood • The Wilderness Wanderings – 40 years

  12. The Conquest of Canaan • Joshua the New Leader • Israel Crosses the Jordan River – 1406 B. C. • Conquest of Major Sites by 1399 B. C. • Jericho • Hazor • Completion of the Conquest and Settlement – 1399-1350 B. C.

  13. The Period of the Judges1350-1051 B. C. • Cycles in the Book of Judges • Sin • Servitude • Supplication • Salvation • Silence or serenity • The Nature of the Judges • Military leaders not judges in our sense of the term

  14. The Period of the Judges 1350-1051 B. C. • Canaanite Religion • Fertility cult • Baal and Asherah • Human sacrifice and temple prostitution • “Every man did that which was right in his own eyes… When there was no king in Israel.”

  15. The United Kingdom 1051-931 B. C. • Saul 1051-1011 B. C. • Fought Philistines • Mental breakdown • David, hero in his court • David 1011-971 B. C. • Ideal king • Jerusalem – political and religious capital • Conqueror, domestic statesman, religious leader

  16. The United Kingdom 1051-931 B. C. • Solomon 971-931 B. C. • Great builder • Temple • Palace • Forts and cities • Great wealth and peace • Alliance through marriages • Trading voyages • Taxes and forced labor • Tension and conflict

  17. The Divided Kingdom 931-586 B. C. • Northern Kingdom of Israel • Wealthy • Agriculturally • Center of international trade • Religiously and politically unstable • Two religious centers for Yahweh worship – idols – Amos • Baal worship – Elijah and Elisha • Conquered by Assyrians in 722 B. C.

  18. The Divided Kingdom931-586 B. C. • Southern Kingdom of Judah • Poorer than Israel • Dynasty of David • Worship becomes formal and synchronistic – Isaiah and Jeremiah • Crisis of the Assyrian Invasion in 701 B. C. – King Hezakiah • Babylon conquers Judah in 586 B. C. • Destroys walls and temple • Deports much of the population back to Babylon • Spent 70 years in exile

  19. Babylonian Exile and the Return 586-430 B. C. • Synagogue worship begins • Cyrus allows Jews to return in 538 B. C. • Temple rebuilt in 515 B. C. • Walls of Jerusalem rebuilt in 444 B. C. • Old Testament era closes

  20. Contributions • Laws, morals and ethics • Ethical monotheism • Worth of the individual • Concepts passed on to Christianity • The idea of social justice

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