677-682 Compare viewpoints in favor of and opposed to the New Deal

1. 677-682 • Compare viewpoints in favor of and • opposed to the New Deal • Describe factors that contributed to the • end of the New Deal

2. Directions: Read the documents and describe the position of each individual: • Against the New Deal: • Raymond Moley • Sam T. Mayhew • For the New Deal: • Gardiner C. Means • George Dobbin

3. Front of Room Against the New Deal Ray Moley. Against the New Deal Sam Mayhew Who do you agree with most? Go to your corners! For the New Deal Gardiner C. Means For the New Deal George Dobbin

4. The End of the New Deal • The Supreme Court declared important parts of • the “New Deal” unconstitutional. • - NRA in 1935 • - AAA in 1936

5. The End of the New Deal • The Supreme Court declared important parts of • the “New Deal” unconstitutional. • Federal Judiciary Reorganization • Act or “Court-Packing Scheme” • 1937 • Recession of 1937 • FDR’s retrenchment (cutback) • on federal expenditures • led to a “Roosevelt Recession” • Unemployment increased • from 7 to 11 million!

6. The End of the New Deal • Recession of 1937 • FDR’s retrenchment (cutback) • on federal expenditures • led to a “Roosevelt Recession” • 1938 FDR restored cuts based • on ideas of John Maynard Keynes • deficit spending • raise taxes • Political Stalemate • Conservative manifesto – Republicans and conservative Democrats blocked FDR’s programs • 1938 mid-term elections showed New Deal losing popularity.

7. FDR and Foreign Affairs • Adopted a policy of Neutrality and Isolationism at first, but began to slowly grow more involved in foreign affairs. • Senator Gerald Nye’s 1934 investigation • FDR felt domestic economic issues came first • Examples of actions: • Formally recognized the U.S.S.R. in 1933 • Business leaders advised the need to expand trade with USSR • Extended “Good Neighbor Policy” • Coup placed dictator Fulgencio Batista in power in Cuba • Reduced Tariffs • Secretary of State Cordell Hull • Warned Isolationists over rise of dictators in Europe • Fascist leaders Mussolini, Hitler and Franco rose to power

8. Fascism – one party, one man rule, a dictatorship, allied with wealthy industrialists, racist attitudes. • 1935 Mussolini (Italy) invades Ethiopia • 1936 Franco overthrows the republican government of Spain by force. • 1936-38 Hitler re-arms the Rhineland and annexes Austria and pledges to create a racially pure “Third Reich”. Hitler Mussolini Franco

9. FDR and Foreign Affairs Examples of actions: • Formally recognized the U.S.S.R. in 1933 • Extended “Good Neighbor Policy” • Reduced Tariffs • Warned Isolationists over rise of dictators in Europe • Fascist leaders Mussolini, Hitler and Franco rose to power • Maintained neutrality with passage of several “Neutrality Acts” limiting travel, loans and trade with “belligerent“ nations (those at war or taking war-like actions).

10. FDR and Foreign Affairs • Warned Isolationists over rise of dictators in Europe • Munich Pact – • 9/38 Hitler promises Sudetenland as his last territorial demand and France/Britain follow a policy of Appeasement and grant it. • 11/38 violent pogrom against Jews called “Kristallnacht” or the Night of Broken Glass in Germany Munich Pact “The Night of Broken Glass” - Kristallnacht