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SPL-Fréjus

SPL-Fréjus. Some performances Fréjus site French Photodetector R&D. J.E Campagne. Thanks: A. Cazes, M. Mezzetto, L. Mosca, Th. Schwetz and IPNO & LAL engeeners. See also talk at Acc. WG. Some ingredients for physics analysis. 440kT Water Č located 130km from CERN (see site later)

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SPL-Fréjus

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  1. SPL-Fréjus Some performances Fréjus site French Photodetector R&D J.E Campagne Thanks: A. Cazes, M. Mezzetto, L. Mosca, Th. Schwetz and IPNO & LAL engeeners. See also talk at Acc. WG

  2. Some ingredients for physics analysis • 440kT Water Č located 130km from CERN (see site later) • Essentially SK analysis with tighter cuts for e/m id (cf. hep-ph/0105297) • Use energy resolution dominated by Fermi motion* (200MeV bins) • 2% systematics on signal & bkgd (see effect later) • Optimized machine versions: bB (M. Mezzetto) and SB (A.C + J.E.C) • Use Atmospheric Neutrinos (Th. Schwetz) • GLoBES & NUANCE *: migration matrix for bB

  3. Particle Id (from M. Mezzetto)

  4. <En> ~ 300 MeV, 1.2 1012/m2/yr 3.5GeV SPL optimum <En> ~ 275MeV, 4.5 1011/m2/yr Old nFact optimum Fluxes comparison @ 130km ~95 nmCC/kT/yr* Reflector: 50% of the Flux *: Lipari x-sect. (see later)

  5. bB and SB fluxes

  6. Analysis: GLoBES + M. Mezzetto’s parameterization file 440kT x 5yrs: 2,2 Mt.yrs (+) sin22q12=0.82, q23=p/4, Dm221=8.1 10-5eV2, Dm231=2.2 10-3eV2 Reduction factor and efficiencies taken from SK simulation (D. Casper) and a tight cut for e/m misId. (cf. hep-ph/0105297)

  7. Preliminary (15/9/05) Kaon/pion production? FLUKA 2005.6 +12.5% p- @3.5GeV Big difference [3.5 ÷ 4.5] GeV FLUKA 2002.4 HARP?

  8. nmSPL The X-sections ---: Lipari et al. PRL74(95)4384 on H20 bB is an ideal tool to measure these cross-sections and a 2% systematic error on both signal and background are used. Require close position

  9. Comparison with other facilities M.M@NuFact05 Systematics…

  10. Effect of the systematic (sig. & bkg) SPL 2yrs (+) 8yrs (-) Much more dramatic than ambiguities at small q13 True values: (d/p, sin22q13) sin22q12=0.82, sin2q23=0,4 Dm221=7.9 10-5eV2, Dm231=2.4 10-3eV2 5% external precision on q12 & Dm221 use SPL disappearance channel and spectrum analysis

  11. Th. S Remove ambiguities with ATM n Favorable case sin2q23=0.6 10yrs Contour after ATM combination : true value

  12. New Fréjus HK Henderson L.M Fréjus site possibility

  13. L.Mosca 65m CERN 60m 130km Fréjus* New Fréjus Cavern (MEMPHYS) 5x200,000m3 H20 Based on well experienced civil engineer studies. First cost and time estimate will come soon for a dedicated operation. Beyond that a Design Study is needed 4800mwe *: Modane

  14. PMT size <=> cost Photonis @ NNN05 • Diameter 20“ <=> (20“)17“ <=> 12“ • projected area 1660 1450 615 cm² • QE(typ) 20 20 24 % • CE 60 60 70 % Cost 2500 2500 800 € • Cost/cm² per useful PEU= cost/(cm²xQExCE) • 12.6 14.4 7.7 €/PEU/cm²

  15. Quantities and total cost • 20“ 200,000 x € 2500 = 500M • 12“ 540,000 x €800 = 432M Photonis @ NNN05 Comment: one should integrate the electronic + HV price

  16. Photodetector R&D in France • R&D launched after NNN05 but based on on-going R&D with Photonis • IPN-Orsay, LAL & Photonis together in an official GIS to develop Smart-Photodetectors (ie electronic up to ADC/TDC included): 6 engineers + 2 post-docs + Photonis engineers • 200k€/3yrs has been asked at the new National Research Agency (ANR) Photonis @ NNN05: 500,000 PMT -12”- 800€/u

  17. New pump capacity needed? • Delivery over 6 years • 300 working days/year Photonis @ NNN05 • 20“ tube 50,000/6/300 => 28 good tubes x yield 0.7 = 40 starts/day (1 start/pump/day) => 40 pumps ( € 7M or so) • 12“ tube 135,000/6/300 => 75 good tubes x yield 0.7 = 110 starts/day. A multi-array computerised pump at Photonis handles 20 starts/day => 6 pumps ( € 2M or so) Comment: x4 the PMT numbers

  18. + Sub-conclusions • 12“ seems much better than 20“/17“ • cost per useful photoelectron & total PMT cost • Timing • single-electron resolution (17“ equal) • granularity • weight and handling • implosion risk • investments and start-up Photonis @ NNN05

  19. Photonis has all the technical capability needed!R&D cooperation:detailed & intensive talks are going on with the MEMPHYS collaboration to define a balanced programmeWorkshop planned in the spring Photonis @ NNN05

  20. Trigger Ampli. Slow shaper S&H ADC Trigger Fast shaper TDC Electronics Taken in charge by LAL: from amplifier up to ADC/TDC based on past experience with similar state of the art front-end electronics developed for OPERA, W-Si ILC prototype, LHCb… • Trigger @ ¼ p.e (3kHz from SK) • TDC: 12bits 0,4ns/c • ADC: 12bits 0,15pC/c with 1 p.e @ 20-30 adc channels. • High speed digital readout • Cost reduction thanks to high level of integration • Use AMS 0,35mm BiCMOS ASIC Digital Info PMT

  21. Mechanics & PMT tests Taken in charge by IPNO: well experienced in photodetectors (last operation: Auger). With PHOTONIS tests of PMT8”, 9”  12” and Hybrid-PMT and HPD Electronic box water tight Basic unit that we want to build and test under water IPNO

  22. Some PMT characteristics measurements XP1806 8” Not the best Not the worse 1pe spectrum 2kV/G=107 P/V~3 IPNO 14/9/05 g=25 before ADC No diff. 5”,8”,10” so 12” should be identical

  23. Summary • The MEMPHYS Mt-scale Water Cerencov detector has a quite good accelerator neutrino program (not exposed here the Pdk and SN n) • The R&D on photodetector is started in France and will come in 2006 with first version of “SmartDetector” • The Civil engineer pre-study for new Fréjus Lab. has been performed and seems encouraging (first costing will come soon) Thank you

  24. END

  25. Dm231 & sin2q23 measurements 3sq130 2yrs (+) 8yrs (-) 5yrs (+) Other expected performances Cannot resolve the octant alone

  26. First results of a feasibility study for a Megaton-scale (Memphys) Laboratory at Fréjus > the best site (rock quality) is found in the middle of the mountain at a depth of 4800 mwe : a really good chance ! > of the two considered shapes : “tunnel” and “shaft”, the “shaft (= well) shape” is strongly preferred > with vertical cylinder shafts, a possible scenario is : 5 shafts of 240 000 m3 each = 1 200 000 m3 ( = 65m, h = 80m) > with “egg shape” or “intermediate shape” shafts, this scenario could be still improved (only 4 shafts needed) > an estimate of the time needed for the excavation and of the cost is under way L.Mosca

  27. Th. S Use of the Atmospheric Data

  28. CP discovery @ 3s Old Opti. New Opti. 2yrs (+) 8yrs (-) preliminary Some physics performances True values (dCP,q) Tests dCP=0 and dCP=p sin22q12=0.82, q23=p/4, Dm221=8.1 10-5, Dm231=2.2 10-3 5% external precision on q12andDm221 use SPL disappearance channel 2% syst on signal & bkg Octant and mass hierarchy degeneracy have little impact on the contour. Use glbChiDelta and 2 (1dof)=9

  29. Some comparisons with other facilities MM@NuFact05

  30. dCP=0 90%CL New Opt. Old Opt. preliminary Some physics performances 440kT water Č, 4MW SPL, GLoBES 5yrs (+) True values: (Dm23, sin22q13) sin22q12=0.82, q23=p/4, Dm221=8.1 10-5eV2 5% external precision on q12andDm221 and use SPL disappearance channel and spectrum analysis* 2% syst. on signal & bkg Sin22q13(90%CL) = 610-3 (0.7°) sizeable improvement *: 5 bins [0.08,1.08] GeV (2(2dof)=4.6 or 11.83)

  31. 3.5GeV Kinetic p beam ~800MeVp focusing 40m decay tunnel length 2m decay tunnel radius p+ p- m+ ~1/2 m- & 1/2 K0e3 Flux @ 130km: composition http://opera.web.lal.in2p3.fr/horn/Simu/index.htm + Focusing - Focusing p- p+ m- ~1/3 m+ & 1/3 K0e3 & 1/3 K+e3

  32. 0.5 0.5 New Prelim. NNN05 Solid: SPL+ATM Dashed: SPL only 0 0 “nFact opt.” “ 3.5 GeV opt.” d/p Wrong hierarchy and q23 d/p Wrong hierarchy -0.5 -0.5 Wrong q23 true -1 -1 90%CL 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 sin22q13 sin22q13 Evolution of the performances 2yrs (+), 8 yrs (-) True values: dCP/p =-0.85, sin22q13=0.03, sin2q23=0.4, 5% external precison on Dm221=8.1 10-5, Dm231=2.2 10-3, q23 cf. Th. Schwetz

  33. 440kT x 8yrs: 3,5 Mt.yrs (-) sin22q12=0.82, q23=p/4, Dm221=8.1 10-5eV2, Dm231=2.2 10-3eV2

  34. CDR2 block diagrams CERN proton complex 1-2GeV Eurisol, bB 2-3.5GeV SuperB, NuFact

  35. Global planning (R.G courtesy) RF tests in SM 18 of prototype structures* for Linac4 3 MeV test place ready Linac4 approval SPL approval CDR 2

  36. q13 and dCPSensitivity computation • Use GLoBES v2.0.11 and M. Mezzetto SPL.glb file • detector: • Water Cerenkov • 440 kt • at Fréjus (130 km from CERN) • Run: • 5 years p+ • 1 year p+ + 4 years p- • 2 years p+ + 8 years p- • Computed with dCP=0 (standard benchmark) and q13 = 0 • other parameters… • Dm23 = 2.5 10-3eV2 • Dm12 = 7.1 10-5eV2 Same duration Same statistics • sin22q23 = 1.0 • sin22q12 = 0.82

  37. Flux @ 130km: - focusing 1/3 m+ 1/3 K0e3 1/3 K+e3 p+ nm ne 3.5GeV Kinetic p beam ~800MeVp focusing 40m decay tunnel length 2m decay tunnel radius x1/1300 x1/10 x1/200 p- m- ne nm

  38. x1/140 x1/3000 x1/17 Flux @ 130km: + focusing http://opera.web.lal.in2p3.fr/horn/Simu/index.htm nm ne p+ m+ 3.5GeV Kinetic p beam ~800MeVp focusing 40m decay tunnel length 2m decay tunnel radius ne nm ~1/2 m- ~1/2 K0e3 p-

  39. Th. S Atm. LBL Atm+LBL Mass hierarchy sensitivity T2K-II takes benefit of more matter effect

  40. Evolution of the performances 440kT water Č, 4MW SPL Improve significantly T2K-I

  41. Focusing comparison Dm223 (eV2) Dm223 (eV2) En~260MeV 10-3 10-3 dCP = 0 dCP = 0 sin22q13 sin22q13 10-3 10-3 tunnel : 40m long 2m radius Ek = 4.5GeV En=300MeV Best sin22q13 > 7.1 10-4 5 years positive focusing Energy comparison

  42. 300MeV 4.5GeV 300MeV 3.5GeV 260MeV 3.5GeV 2.2GeV 3.5GeV 4.5GeV 8GeV tunnel : 40m long 2m radius Ek = 3.5GeV En=300MeV Best sin22q13 > 2.02 10-3 positive focusing vs 10 years mixed scenario. Focusing comparison Energy comparison 2y+ 8y- 5y+ 50 0 0 -50 -50 2y+ 8y- 5y+ -100 -100 -150 -150 10-3 10-4 10-3 10-4 10-4 10-3 10-3 10-4 90%CL

  43. General comparison. • for 10 years in mixed focusing, sensitivity around q13~1° • Clear complementarily between positive scenario and bbeam (dCP>0) 5y mixed focusing 10y mixed focusing 5y positive focusing

  44. Super Beam & beta Beam SPL This optimisation b beam Combined M. Mezzetto Villars SPSC 04 3s discovery potential curves

  45. MARS vs FLUKA At the entrance of the SB decay tunnel (after the horn focusing) R = 1m No angular cut Discrepancies reduced in the beam line A. Cazes thesis

  46. Flux calculation • Low energy  Small boost  low focusing • Need a high number of events (~1015 evts!!!) • Use probability (M. Donega thesis approach) • Each time a pion, a muon, or a kaon is decayed by Geant, compute the probability for the neutrino to reach the detector • Use thisprobability as a weight, and fill an histogram with the neutrino energy • There are few kaons therfore a kaon produced in the target is duplicated many times:~100. • Gives neutrino spectrum. New

  47. 80 cm 140 cm 220 cm Horn design parameter for Super Beam Conductor thickness : 3mm horn : 300kAmps reflector : 600kAmps Challenging!!! Drawing from the horn built at CERN Optimized for Super Beam En~300MeV Ep~800MeV + or - focusing Using Geant 3.2.1 NuFact-Note 138

  48. 2.2GeV SPL block diagram (CDR 1) Characteristics (Conceptual Design Report 1): • are “optimized” for a neutrino factory • assume the use of LEP cavities & klystrons up to the highest energy

  49. Rate only 2yrs (+) 8yrs (-) 2yrs (+) 8yrs (-) Spectrum analysis (prelim.) T2K-I Old SPL x10 5yrs (+) preliminary preliminary 90%CL (2(2dof)=4.6) Some physics performances True values: dCP=0, q13=0, sin22q12=0.82, q23=p/4, Dm221=8.1 10-5, Dm231=2.2 10-3 5% external precision on q12andDm221 and use SPL disappearance channel Improve T2K-I 2% syst. on signal & bkg

  50. Gradients at 700 MHz from Stephane Chel, HIPPI04, Frankfurt, sep04 • Last test performed in CryHoLab (July 04): • 5-cells 700 MHz ß=0.65 Nb cavity A5-01 • from CEA/Saclay and IPN-Orsay LEP cavities may have worked 350MHz & 3.6MV/m effective gradient NuFact Note 040

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