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Why chemistry, why again?

Why chemistry, why again?. You are made up of biomolecules! Your biomolecules are built from food you eat Your body breaks them down and rearranges them to give you: Energy and Building blocks for proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA). You are what you eat!.

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Why chemistry, why again?

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  1. Why chemistry, why again?

  2. You are made up of biomolecules! • Your biomolecules are built from food you eat • Your body breaks them down and rearranges them to give you: • Energyand • Building blocks for • proteins, • carbohydrates, • lipids and • Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) You are what you eat!

  3. What do you eat?

  4. Carbohydrates (sugar and starch) • Protein • Lipids – (fats, oils, cholesterol) • Vitamins • Minerals (Ca, PO4-2, Se, Fe, Ni, Zn, etc) • H2O and • Energy (stored in chemical bonds) a mixture of biomolecules

  5. Let’s review the basics - atoms * phospholipids ** some proteins

  6. Atomic Structure • Protons • Electrons • Neutrons

  7. Valence Electrons Anyone? • What are they? • How do I figure out how many an atom has? • How do I figure out how many an ion has?

  8. The Ultimate Graphic Organizer

  9. Molecular Forces Intramolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Dispersion Forces Dipole Forces Hydrogen Bonds

  10. Ionic and Covalent Bonding Ionic Covalent

  11. Nonpolar Covalent bonds – equal sharing • 0.0 < Electronegativity difference ≤ 0.4 • Polar Covalent Bond – unequal sharing • 0.4 < Electronegativity difference < 1.5 • Line becomes arrow from positive to negative Covalent Bond Polarity Insulin

  12. Molecular Polarity

  13. CH4 CO2 NH3 H2O Molecular Polarity examples

  14. Molecular Forces Intramolecular Forces Inter molecular Forces Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Dispersion Forces Hydrogen Bonds Dipole Forces

  15. Forces Comparisons

  16. Weakest intermolecular force Caused by the motion of electrons More electrons per molecule, more attraction between molecules; i.e. halogens Dispersion

  17. Intermolecular Forces - Dispersion Electrons momentarily gang up on one side of the molecule • e.g. bromine is a liquid, whereas iodine is a solid at STP

  18. Intermolecular Forces - Dispersion

  19. Strongest of the intermolecular forces • Only molecules with hydrogen in them • BIG role in living organisms!!! Intermolecular Forces – Hydrogen Bonds

  20. Hydrogen Bonds

  21. Hydrophilic - Hydrophobic

  22. H2O • What’s the H, what’s the O? • Why the 2? • Hydrogen Bonding – a big deal! • solubility (water is the universal solvent) • cohesion • adhesion • heat retention Water

  23. Solubility • Capillary Action • Heat of Vaporization • Heat of Fusion • Surface Tension • Density Differences Amazing Water Properties

  24. Water Properties - Solubility Life’s necessity

  25. Water Properties- Capillary Action 425 ft Paper Towels and Redwood Trees

  26. Heat of Vaporization

  27. Heat of Fusion

  28. Water Properties – Surface Tension

  29. Water Properties - Density

  30. All together now Molecular Forces Intramolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Dispersion Forces Dipole Forces Hydrogen Bonds

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